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  2. Osteopenia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteopenia

    Osteopenia. Osteopenia, known as " low bone mass " or " low bone density ", is a condition in which bone mineral density is low. [1] Because their bones are weaker, people with osteopenia may have a higher risk of fractures, and some people may go on to develop osteoporosis. [2] In 2010, 43 million older adults in the US had osteopenia. [3]

  3. Osteoporosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoporosis

    Osteoporosis may also occur due to a number of diseases or treatments, including alcoholism, anorexia, hyperthyroidism, kidney disease, and surgical removal of the ovaries. Certain medications increase the rate of bone loss, including some antiseizure medications , chemotherapy , proton pump inhibitors , selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ...

  4. Hemodialysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemodialysis

    Hemodialysis. Hemodialysis, also spelled haemodialysis, or simply dialysis, is a process of filtering the blood of a person whose kidneys are not working normally. This type of dialysis achieves the extracorporeal removal of waste products such as creatinine and urea and free water from the blood when the kidneys are in a state of kidney ...

  5. Osteitis fibrosa cystica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteitis_fibrosa_cystica

    Osteitis fibrosa cystica (/ ˌ ɒ s t i ˈ aɪ t ɪ s f aɪ ˈ b r oʊ s ə ˈ s ɪ s t ɪ k ə / OSS-tee-EYE-tis fy-BROH-sə SIS-tik-ə) is a skeletal disorder resulting in a loss of bone mass, a weakening of the bones as their calcified supporting structures are replaced with fibrous tissue (peritrabecular fibrosis), and the formation of cyst-like brown tumors in and around the bone.

  6. Milk-alkali syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk-alkali_syndrome

    Milk-alkali syndrome is an illness that is characterized by hypercalcaemia, kidney damage, and metabolic alkalosis. [ 17 ] This syndrome was discovered in the early 1900s when people began experiencing adverse effects from Bertrand Sippy's gastric ulcer treatment consisting of milk and alkali.

  7. Kidney dialysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_dialysis

    Schematic of semipermeable membrane during hemodialysis, where blood is red, dialysing fluid is blue, and the membrane is yellow. Kidney dialysis (from Greek διάλυσις, dialysis, 'dissolution'; from διά, dia, 'through', and λύσις, lysis, 'loosening or splitting') is the process of removing excess water, solutes, and toxins from the blood in people whose kidneys can no longer ...

  8. Chronic kidney disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease

    1.2 million (2015) [ 6 ] Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of long-term kidney disease, in which either there is a gradual loss of kidney function occurs over a period of months to years, or abnormal kidney structure (with normal function). [ 2 ][ 5 ] Initially generally no symptoms are seen, but later symptoms may include leg swelling ...

  9. Renal osteodystrophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_osteodystrophy

    Renal osteodystrophy is currently defined as an alteration of bone morphology in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). [1] It is one measure of the skeletal component of the systemic disorder of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). [1][2][3] The term "renal osteodystrophy" was coined in 1943, [4] 60 years after an ...

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