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Forced migrants are always either IDPs or displaced people, as both of these terms do not require a legal framework and the fact that they left their homes is sufficient. The distinction between the terms displaced person and forced migrant is minor; however, the term displaced person has an important historic context (e.g. World War II).
Hundreds of thousands of these anti-Soviet political refugees and displaced persons ended up in western Europe, Australia, Canada, and the United States of America. After World War II, the Soviet Union and communist -controlled Poland, Czechoslovakia , Hungary and Yugoslavia expelled millions of ethnic Germans , most of them were the ...
In 2016 there were 65.6 million forcibly displaced people worldwide and around 190,000 of them were resettled into a third country. [1] Canada leads the world in refugee resettlement; it resettled more than 47,600 individuals in 2022. [2] The United States led the world in refugee resettlement for decades till 2018. [3]
Displacement is a long lasting reality for most refugees. Two-thirds of all refugees around the world have been displaced for over three years, which is known as being in 'protracted displacement'. 50% of refugees—around 10 million people—have been displaced for over ten years.
The IRO was the first international agency to deal comprehensively with all aspects of refugees' lives. Preceding this was the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, which was established in 1944 to address the millions of people displaced across Europe as a result of World War II. [10]
A big project can upend the lives of tens of thousands of people. Since 2004, World Bank estimates indicate that at least a dozen bank-supported projects physically or economically displaced more than 50,000 people each. Studies show that forced relocations can rip apart kinship networks and increase risks of illness and disease.
Population exchange is the transfer of two populations in opposite directions at about the same time. In theory at least, the exchange is non-forcible, but the reality of the effects of these exchanges has always been unequal, and at least one half of the so-called "exchange" has usually been forced by the stronger or richer participant.
Although they do not fit the definition of refugees set out in the UN Convention, people displaced by the effects of climate change have often been termed "climate refugees" [9] or "climate change refugees". [10] The term 'environmental refugee' is also commonly used and an estimated 25 million people can currently be classified as such. [11]