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Arabic musical instruments can be broadly classified into three categories: string instruments (chordophones), wind instruments , and percussion instruments. They evolved from ancient civilizations in the region.
Percussion instruments play a very important role in Middle Eastern music. The complex rhythms of this music are often played on many simple percussion instruments.The riq الرق (a type of tambourine) and finger cymbals add a higher rhythmic line to rhythm laid down with sticks, clappers, and other drums.
The oud (Arabic: عود, romanized: ʿūd, pronounced) [1] [2] [3] is a Middle Eastern short-neck lute-type, pear-shaped, fretless stringed instrument [4] (a chordophone in the Hornbostel–Sachs classification of instruments), usually with 11 strings grouped in six courses, but some models have five or seven courses, with 10 or 13 strings respectively.
The naqareh, naqqāra, nagara or nagada is a Middle Eastern drum with a rounded back and a hide head, usually played in pairs. It is thus a membranophone of the kettle drum variety. The term naqqāra ( نقاره ), also نقارات naqqarat , naqqarah , naqqåre , nakkare , nagora comes from the Arabic verb naqr- that means "to strike, beat".
Rebab (Arabic: ربابة, rabāba, variously spelled rebap, rubob, rebeb, rababa, rabeba, robab, rubab, rebob, etc) is the name of several related string instruments that independently spread via Islamic trading routes over much of North Africa, Middle East, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of Europe. [1]
The mijwiz (Arabic: مجوز , DIN: miǧwiz) is a traditional Middle East musical instrument popular in Palestine, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon and Jordan. [1] [2] Its name in Arabic means "dual," because of its consisting of two, short, bamboo pipes with reed tips put together, making the mijwiz a double-pipe, single-reed woodwind instrument.
Pitch measurement analyses of relevant audio recordings reveal that, equal temperaments based on bike-chained "multiples of twelve" are essentially not compatible with authentic Middle Eastern performances; substantiating the notion instruments strictly based on them would clash audibly with a justly tuned/intoned tanbur, oud, ney, or kemenche.
Persian musical instruments or Iranian musical instruments can be broadly classified into three categories: classical, Western and folk. Most of Persian musical instruments spread in the former Persian Empires states all over the Middle East , Caucasus , Central Asia and through adaptation, relations, and trade, in Europe and far regions of Asia .
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