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Anisole undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction at a faster speed than benzene, which in turn reacts more quickly than nitrobenzene.The methoxy group is an ortho/para directing group, which means that electrophilic substitution preferentially occurs at these three sites.
Usually phenol ethers are synthesized through the condensation of phenol and an organic alcohol; however, other known reactions regarding the synthesis of ethers can be applied to phenol ethers as well. Anisole (C 6 H 5 OCH 3) is the simplest phenol ether, and is a versatile precursor for perfumes and pharmaceuticals. [1]
Hydrogen iodide (HI) is a diatomic molecule and hydrogen halide. Aqueous solutions of HI are known as hydroiodic acid or hydriodic acid, a strong acid.Hydrogen iodide and hydroiodic acid are, however, different in that the former is a gas under standard conditions, whereas the other is an aqueous solution of the gas.
Ether cleavage refers to chemical substitution reactions that lead to the cleavage of ethers. Due to the high chemical stability of ethers, the cleavage of the C-O bond is uncommon in the absence of specialized reagents or under extreme conditions. [1] [2] In organic chemistry, ether cleavage is an acid catalyzed nucleophilic substitution reaction.
[6] [7] (review article) The Pauson–Khand reaction, which is conceptually similar, has also been shown to give improved results when hemilabile P,S type hybrid ligands were used. [ 8 ] Iridium(I) complexes incorporating hemilabile ligands which contain methoxy , dimethylamino , and pyridine as donor functions have been shown to be effective ...
Hydrodenitration (replacement of a nitro group with hydrogen) is difficult to achieve but can be effected by catalytic hydrogenation over platinum on silica gel at high temperatures. [21] The reaction can also be effected through radical reaction with tributyltin hydride and a radical initiator, AIBN as an example. [22]
Hydroiodic acid reacts with oxygen in air to give iodine: 4 HI(aq) + O 2 → 2 H 2 O + 2 I 2. Like hydrogen halides, hydroiodic acid adds to alkenes to give alkyl iodides. It can also be used as a reducing agent, for example in the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to anilines. [3]
Since phenols are acidic, they readily react with a strong base like sodium hydroxide to form phenoxide ions. The phenoxide ion will then substitute the –X group in the alkyl halide, forming an ether with an aryl group attached to it in a reaction with an S N 2 mechanism. C 6 H 5 OH + OH − → C 6 H 5 –O − + H 2 O C 6 H 5 –O − + R ...