Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Dong-Pyou Han (US), former assistant professor of biomedical sciences at Iowa State University, added human antibodies to samples of rabbit blood in an effort to falsely enhance the utility of an experimental HIV vaccine. [72] [73] In 2015 Han was sentenced to nearly five years in prison and ordered to return $7.2 million to the NIH. [74]
A reconstruction of the skull purportedly belonging to the Piltdown Man, a long-lasting case of scientific misconduct. Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in the publication of professional scientific research.
Some errors are introduced when the experimenter's desire for a certain result unconsciously influences selection of data (a problem which is possible to avoid in some cases with double-blind protocols). [4] There have also been cases of deliberate scientific misconduct. [5]
The environmental errors have different causes, which are widening with the passage of time, as the research works telling us, including; temperature, humidity, magnetic field, constantly vibrating earth surface, wind and improper lighting.
Systematic errors in the measurement of experimental quantities leads to bias in the derived quantity, the magnitude of which is calculated using Eq(6) or Eq(7). However, there is also a more subtle form of bias that can occur even if the input, measured, quantities are unbiased; all terms after the first in Eq(14) represent this bias.
Random errors are errors in measurement that lead to measurable values being inconsistent when repeated measurements of a constant attribute or quantity are taken. Random errors create measurement uncertainty. Systematic errors are errors that are not determined by chance but are introduced by repeatable processes inherent to the system. [3]
Controls eliminate alternate explanations of experimental results, especially experimental errors and experimenter bias. Many controls are specific to the type of experiment being performed, as in the molecular markers used in SDS-PAGE experiments, and may simply have the purpose of ensuring that the equipment is working properly.
When the weights have been correctly derived from estimates of experimental error, the expectation value of U / n d − n p is 1. [8] It is therefore very useful to estimate experimental errors and derive some reasonable weights from them as this is an absolute indicator of the goodness of fit.