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Depending on the supercharger fitted, engines were rated as low altitude (e.g.; Merlin 66, Griffon III), where the engine produced its maximum power below about 10,000 feet (3,000 m), medium altitude (Merlin 45), where the engine produced its maximum power up to about 20,000 feet (6,100 m), and high altitude (Merlin 70), where the engine produced its maximum power above about 25,000 feet ...
The Rolls-Royce Griffon engine was designed in answer to Royal Navy specifications for an engine capable of generating good power at low altitudes. Concepts for adapting the Spitfire to take the new engine had begun as far back as October 1939; Joseph Smith felt that "The good big 'un will eventually beat the good little 'un."
Redesigned "slimline" versions for the de Havilland Hornet. Engine modified to decrease frontal area to a minimum and was the first Merlin series to use down-draught induction systems. Coolant pump moved from the bottom of the engine to the starboard side. Two-speed, two-stage supercharger and S.U. injection carburettor giving a maximum boost ...
The performance increase was described by Jeffrey Quill as a "quantum leap" over that of the Mk Vb and another Spitfire airframe, R6700 was modified to take the new engine. Although design work on the Mk VII and VIII series was under way, these would take over a year to get into production and a counter to the Fw 190 was urgently needed.
The engine drives a General Motors TH400 automatic transmission, via the step-up gearbox devised by Dodd to allow the low-revving Merlin engine to work properly with the conventional GM transmission. Perhaps due to space constraints as well as roadworthiness considerations, the Merlin used in the Beast is non-supercharged.
The Spitfire was much slower at such a low level; the prototype was only capable of 290 mph (470 km/h) at this height. [1] Consequently, a record-breaking machine would have to be extensively modified. Rolls-Royce began work on a sprint version of the Spitfire's Merlin engine, to run on a special fuel mix. [1]
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Although these "clipped-wing" aircraft are popularly known as "LF" versions due to the fact that they were designated "LF" (i.e. Spitfire LF Mk V), the "L" actually refers to the different versions of the Rolls-Royce Merlin engines used, which were optimised for low-altitude performance with "cropped" supercharger impellers (Merlin 45M, 50M or ...