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A Liner Conference System (also called a "shipping conference") is an agreement within the shipping industry in relation to ocean liners. Typically, the agreement is between two or more shipping companies to provide scheduled cargo and/or passenger service on a particular trade route under uniform rates and common terms. [1]
On railways, it is the charge on detention of trucks [8] (or rolling stock), either to the shipper for holding the car (laden or not), or to the connecting railroad(s) while the car is empty and returning to the home road (in either case, as a way to encourage speedy unloading and return of empties to improve utilisation of rolling stock).
Bay – a space on the ship that can hold containers, container ships have several bays, these bays are divided into two parts: on-deck and under-deck (hold). If the bay number is odd it is suitable for 20 feet containers, if the bay number is even it is suitable for 40 feet containers. [3] [12]
Consignment stock is stock legally owned by one party but held by another, meaning that the risk and rewards regarding the said stock remain with the first party while the second party is responsible for distribution or retail operations. [3] [4] The verb consign means "to send", and therefore the noun consignment means "sending goods to ...
Ships have had holds for centuries; an alternative way to carry cargo is in standardized shipping containers, which may be loaded into appropriate holds or carried on deck. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Holds in older ships were below the orlop deck , the lower part of the interior of a ship's hull , especially when considered as storage space, as for cargo.
A study of mini-bulk carriers found that it takes, on average, twice as much time to unload a ship as it does to load it. [60] A mini-bulk carrier spends 55 hours at a time in port, compared to 35 hours for a lumber carrier of similar size. [60] This time in port increases to 74 hours for Handymax and 120 hours for Panamax vessels. [60]
A refrigerated container or reefer is an intermodal container (shipping container) used in intermodal freight transport that is capable of refrigeration for the transportation of temperature-sensitive, perishable cargo such as fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, seafood, and other similar items.
Breakbulk continues to hold an advantage in areas where port development has not kept pace with shipping technology; break-bulk shipping requires relatively minimal shore facilities—a wharf for the ship to tie to, dock workers to assist in unloading, warehouses to store materials for later reloading onto other forms of transport.