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Although plant viruses are not as well understood as their animal counterparts, one plant virus has become very recognizable: tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), the first virus to be discovered. This and other viruses cause an estimated US$60 billion loss in crop yields worldwide each year. Plant viruses are grouped into 73 genera and 49 families ...
All known viroids are inhabitants of angiosperms (flowering plants), [3] and most cause diseases, whose respective economic importance to humans varies widely. [4] A recent metatranscriptomics study suggests that the host diversity of viroids and viroid-like elements is broader than previously thought and that it would not be limited to plants ...
Genome type and replication cycle of different RNA viruses. RNA viruses in Orthornavirae typically do not encode many proteins, but most positive-sense, single-stranded (+ssRNA) viruses and some double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses encode a major capsid protein that has a single jelly roll fold, so named because the folded structure of the protein contains a structure that resembles a jelly ...
Many copies of a single viral protein or a number of different viral proteins make up the capsid, and each of these viral proteins are coded for by one gene from the viral genome. The structure of the capsid allows the virus to use a small number of viral genes to make a large capsid. [3]
Impatiens necrotic spot orthotospovirus (INSV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the order Bunyavirales. It was originally believed to be another strain of Tomato spotted wilt virus, but genetic investigations revealed them to be separate viruses. It is a negative-strand RNA virus which has a tripartite genome. [1]
Rosalind Franklin proposed the full structure of the tobacco mosaic virus in 1955. One main motivation for the study of viruses is because they cause many infectious diseases of plants and animals. [1] The study of the manner in which viruses cause disease is viral pathogenesis. The degree to which a virus causes disease is its virulence. [2]
Caulimoviridae is a family of viruses infecting plants. [1] There are 94 species in this family, assigned to 11 genera. [2] [3] Viruses belonging to the family Caulimoviridae are termed double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) reverse-transcribing viruses (or pararetroviruses) i.e. viruses that contain a reverse transcription stage in their replication cycle.
Given the lack of knowledge of human infectious diseases at this time (and well into the 19th century) this was not an unusual conclusion, [15] but what is surprising is that while tulip mosaic disease has a far more impressive and documented history than any other plant virus, the realization that it was a communicable plant disease, let alone ...