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Desmopressin (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin) is a synthetic form of the normal human hormone arginine vasopressin (the antidiuretic hormone, or ADH), a peptide containing nine amino acids. Compared to vasopressin, desmopressin's first amino acid has been deaminated , and the arginine at the eighth position is in the dextro rather than the ...
This is a two-step test where parenteral desmopressin is administered after an initial 8-hour water fast. [10] The first step is designed to differentiate primary polydipsia from diabetes insipidus. The second part of the test helps differentiate central diabetes insipidus from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. [8]
Treatment involves drinking sufficient fluids to prevent dehydration. [1] Other treatments depend on the type. [1] In central and gestational DI, treatment is with desmopressin. [1] Nephrogenic DI may be treated by addressing the underlying cause or by the use of a thiazide, aspirin or ibuprofen. [1]
If there is no change in the water loss despite fluid deprivation, desmopressin may be administered to distinguish between the two types of diabetes insipidus which are central & nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The time of deprivation may vary from 4 to 18 hours. [2] The serum osmolality and urine osmolality are both measured in the test.
A number of injectable arginine vasopressins are in clinical use in the United States and the European Union. Pitressin among others, is a medication most commonly used in the treatment of frequent urination, increased thirst, and dehydration such as that resulting from diabetes insipidus, which causes increased and diluted urine.
N-type, L-type, and T-type voltage-dependent calcium channels are present in the zona glomerulosa of the human adrenal gland, and CCBs can directly influence the biosynthesis of aldosterone in adrenocortical cells, with consequent impact on the clinical treatment of hypertension with these agents.
Routes of administration are usually classified by application location (or exposition). The route or course the active substance takes from application location to the location where it has its target effect is usually rather a matter of pharmacokinetics (concerning the processes of uptake, distribution, and elimination of drugs).
Desmopressin rapidly improves short-term memory and enhances memory imprinting. Desmopressin is sometimes used for the treatment of diabetes insipidus, a condition of frequent urination and extreme thirst. In some countries, Desmopressin is used for amnesia and to treat narcotic-related mental problems.