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C++ has enumeration types that are directly inherited from C's and work mostly like these, except that an enumeration is a real type in C++, giving added compile-time checking. Also (as with structs), the C++ enum keyword is combined with a typedef, so that instead of naming the type enum name, simply name it name.
The enumerated type in C, specified with the enum keyword, and often just called an "enum" (usually pronounced / ˈ iː n ʌ m / EE-num or / ˈ iː n uː m / EE-noom), is a type designed to represent values across a series of named constants. Each of the enumerated constants has type int
C++ is also more strict in conversions to enums: ints cannot be implicitly converted to enums as in C. Also, enumeration constants (enum enumerators) are always of type int in C, whereas they are distinct types in C++ and may have a size different from that of int. [needs update] In C++ a const variable must be initialized; in C this is not ...
The C language specification includes the typedef s size_t and ptrdiff_t to represent memory-related quantities. Their size is defined according to the target processor's arithmetic capabilities, not the memory capabilities, such as available address space. Both of these types are defined in the <stddef.h> header (cstddef in C++).
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 1 February 2025. General-purpose programming language "C programming language" redirects here. For the book, see The C Programming Language. Not to be confused with C++ or C#. C Logotype used on the cover of the first edition of The C Programming Language Paradigm Multi-paradigm: imperative (procedural ...
In C, enums can be freely converted to and from ints, but in Pascal, the function ord() must be used to convert from enumerated types to integers, in opposite conversion must be used typecast operation like a := color(1) for green value return.
Under this definition, an enumeration of a set S is any surjection from an ordinal α onto S. The more restrictive version of enumeration mentioned before is the special case where α is a finite ordinal or the first limit ordinal ω. This more generalized version extends the aforementioned definition to encompass transfinite listings.
Examples of such lists particularly include initialization of arrays, in concert with declarations of enumeration constants and function prototypes; generation of statement sequences and switch arms; etc. Usage of X macros dates back to the 1960s. [1] It remains useful in modern-day C and C++ programming languages, but remains relatively ...