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Treatment using these targets can supplement or replace some of the intensive chemotherapy that is used for neuroblastoma. These molecular targets of this disease include GD2 , ALK , and CD133 . GD2 is a target of immunotherapy , and is the most fully developed of these treatment methods, but is also associated with toxicities. [ 1 ]
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a type of cancer that forms in certain types of nerve tissue. [1] It most frequently starts from one of the adrenal glands but can also develop in the head, neck, chest, abdomen, or spine. [1]
The degree of differentiation of neuroblastoma is correlated to the prognosis, with a wide variety of outcomes (from tumor regression to recurrence and mortality). The standard of care is the use of chemotherapy, surgical resection and radiation, although most aggressive neuroblastomas have demonstrated to be resistant to these therapies.
The Neuroblastoma Alliance UK helps families access and fundraise for their child's treatment abroad. Various new treatments for neuroblastoma are being trialled in the UK, but if children do not meet the criteria for a trial, or need treatment that is only available abroad, families have to pay for their child's treatment abroad.
Chemotherapy is used in a multimodality treatment plan generally for more advanced, unresectable or reoccurring tumors. [4] Cyclophosphamide, vincristine and doxorubicin have been used as neoadjuvant chemotherapy drugs for grade C esthesioneuroblastoma before surgical resection, producing fair outcomes.
Histopathological examination determines the tumor type, grade, and molecular characteristics, which are critical for guiding treatment decisions. [ 13 ] Advances in molecular diagnostics allow for the identification of genetic and molecular markers, improving the precision of tumor classification and enabling targeted therapies.
Since neurologic and developmental difficulties have not been reported as a consequence of neuroblastoma or its treatment, it is thought that these are exclusively due to the immune mechanism underlying OMS. [24] One study concludes that: "Patients with OMA and neuroblastoma have excellent survival but a high risk of neurologic sequelae ...
Ganglioneuroblastoma is a variant of neuroblastoma that is surrounded by ganglion cells. It can be difficult to diagnose. [1]
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