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Heresy in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam has at times been met with censure ranging from excommunication to the death penalty. [3] Heresy is distinct from apostasy, which is the explicit renunciation of one's religion, principles or cause; [4] and from blasphemy, which is an impious utterance or action concerning God or sacred things. [5]
Heresy in Christianity denotes the formal denial or doubt of a core doctrine of the Christian faith [1] as defined by one or more of the Christian churches. [2]The study of heresy requires an understanding of the development of orthodoxy and the role of creeds in the definition of orthodox beliefs, since heresy is always defined in relation to orthodoxy.
A heresy that arose in the 2nd century AD. Marcionists believed that the God of the Old Testament was a different god from the God of the New Testament. [7] Monarchianism: Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism: A heresy that taught that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit were all the same being.
In theology or the history of religion, heresiology is the study of heresy, and heresiographies are writings about the topic. Heresiographical works were common in both medieval Christianity and Islam. Heresiology developed as a part of the emerging definition of Christian orthodoxy.
Dealt as heresy by Hippolytus of Rome: Sethian: Belief that the snake in the Garden of Eden (Satan) was an agent of the true God and brought knowledge of truth to man via the fall of man: Syrian sect drawing their origin from the Ophites: Dealt as heresy by Irenaeus, Hippolytus, and Philaster: Sect is founded around the Apocalypse of Adam. Ophites
The Arabic word ghulat is used by Shia Muslims for beliefs perceived as being extremely heterodox (more in line with the Christian use of the word "heresy").In particular, the term is used to describe the beliefs of minority Muslim groups who ascribe divine characteristics to a member of Muhammad's family (especially Ali) or the early companions of the Prophet such as Salman the Persian.
Catharism (/ ˈ k æ θ ər ɪ z əm / KATH-ər-iz-əm; [1] from the Ancient Greek: καθαροί, romanized: katharoí, "the pure ones" [2]) was a Christian quasi-dualist or pseudo-Gnostic movement which thrived in Southern Europe, particularly in northern Italy and southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries. [3]
Zandaqa is usually translated as "heresy" and is often used to underscore the seriousness of the religious views of the accused individual, and the rejection of such views by Islamic orthodoxy. [3] It originally referred to the adherents of Manichaeism , [ 3 ] but then came to be applied to those who were accused of having heretical beliefs and ...