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Climate models divide the planet into a 3-dimensional grid and apply differential equations to each grid. The equations are based on the basic laws of physics, fluid motion, and chemistry. Numerical climate models (or climate system models) are mathematical models that can simulate the interactions of important drivers of climate.
It uses the Navier–Stokes equations on a rotating sphere with thermodynamic terms for various energy sources (radiation, latent heat). These equations are the basis for computer programs used to simulate the Earth's atmosphere or oceans. Atmospheric and oceanic GCMs (AGCM and OGCM) are key components along with sea ice and land-surface ...
Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions and transfer of radiative energy between the atmosphere, [42] oceans, land surface and ice through a series of physics equations. They are used for a variety of purposes, from the study of the dynamics of the weather and climate system to projections of future climate.
Seasonal adjustment or deseasonalization is a statistical method for removing the seasonal component of a time series.It is usually done when wanting to analyse the trend, and cyclical deviations from trend, of a time series independently of the seasonal components.
Given the different Sun incidence in different positions in the orbit, it is necessary to define a standard point of the orbit of the planet, to define the planet position in the orbit at each moment of the year w.r.t such point; this point is called with several names: vernal equinox, spring equinox, March equinox, all equivalent, and named considering northern hemisphere seasons.
Image source: The Motley Fool. Western Digital (NASDAQ: WDC) Q1 2025 Earnings Call Oct 24, 2024, 4:30 p.m. ET. Contents: Prepared Remarks. Questions and Answers. Call Participants
This is an important technique for all types of time series analysis, especially for seasonal adjustment. [2] It seeks to construct, from an observed time series, a number of component series (that could be used to reconstruct the original by additions or multiplications) where each of these has a certain characteristic or type of behavior.
Key indicators show that the Florida economy remains strong, and Florida's population continues to be one of the fastest growing in the country. Its GDP is now roughly $1.7 trillion, an increase ...