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The Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol is used in UMTS, LTE and 5G on the Air interface. It is a layer 3 (Network Layer) protocol used between UE and Base Station. This protocol is specified by 3GPP in TS 25.331 [2] for UMTS, in TS 36.331 [3] for LTE and in TS 38.331 [4] for 5G New Radio. RRC messages are transported via the PDCP-Protocol.
Here we show block diagrams for typical superheterodyne receivers for AM and FM broadcast respectively. This particular FM design uses a modern phase locked loop detector, unlike the frequency discriminator or ratio detector used in earlier FM receivers. A schematic of a simple superhet broadcast FM receiver.
English: Block diagram of a tuned radio frequency (TRF) receiver, the simplest type of amplifying radio receiver circuit. It consists of one or more tuned RF amplifiers, each consisting of a tuned circuit which functioned as a bandpass filter followed by a radio frequency (RF) amplifier; a detector (demodulator) to extract the audio waveform from the radio carrier wave; followed by an audio ...
Block diagram of a superheterodyne receiver. The RF front end consists of the components on the left colored red. In a radio receiver circuit, the RF front end, short for radio frequency front end, is a generic term for all the circuitry between a receiver's antenna input up to and including the mixer stage. [1]
Radio resource management (RRM) is the system level management of co-channel interference, radio resources, and other radio transmission characteristics in wireless communication systems, for example cellular networks, wireless local area networks, wireless sensor systems, and radio broadcasting networks.
Radio Link Control (RLC) is a layer 2 Radio Link Protocol used in UMTS, LTE and 5G on the Air interface. This protocol is specified by 3GPP in TS 25.322 [1] for UMTS, TS 36.322 [2] for LTE and TS 38.322 [3] for 5G New Radio (NR). RLC is located on top of the 3GPP MAC-layer and below the PDCP-layer. The main tasks of the RLC protocol are:
Multiple-input, multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is the dominant air interface for 4G and 5G broadband wireless communications. It combines multiple-input, multiple-output technology, which multiplies capacity by transmitting different signals over multiple antennas, and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), which divides a radio channel into ...
The ESP32 is an example of a chip combining RF CMOS with digital logic, which in this case is one or two processor cores that are hidden. The baseband processors [ 20 ] [ 21 ] and radio transceivers in all modern wireless networking devices and mobile phones are mass-produced using RF CMOS devices. [ 14 ]