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Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (sometimes called quatrotriphenylphosphine palladium) is the chemical compound [Pd(P(C 6 H 5) 3) 4], often abbreviated Pd(PPh 3) 4, or rarely PdP 4. It is a bright yellow crystalline solid that becomes brown upon decomposition in air .
The molecule is tetrahedral, with point group symmetry of T d, as expected for a four-coordinate metal complex of a metal with the d 10 configuration. [4] Even though this complex follows the 18 electron rule, it dissociates triphenylphosphine in solution to give the 16e − derivative containing only three PPh 3 ligands: Pt(PPh 3) 4 → Pt(PPh ...
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Triphenylphosphine (IUPAC name: triphenylphosphane) is a common organophosphorus compound with the formula P(C 6 H 5) 3 and often abbreviated to P Ph 3 or Ph 3 P. It is versatile compound that is widely used as a reagent in organic synthesis and as a ligand for transition metal complexes, including ones that serve as catalysts in organometallic chemistry.
Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium chloride is a coordination compound of palladium containing two triphenylphosphine and two chloride ligands. It is a yellow solid that is soluble in some organic solvents.
In the system first studied by Negishi, aryl-aryl cross coupling was catalyzed by Ni(PPh 3) 4 generated in situ through reduction of Ni(acac) 2 with PPh3 and (i-Bu) 2 AlH. [26] Variations have also been developed to allow for the cross-coupling of aryl and alkenyl partners.
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Another commonly used palladium source is [Pd(PPh 3) 2 Cl 2], but complexes containing bidentate phosphine ligands, such as [PdCl 2], [PdCl 2], and [Pd(dppf)Cl 2] have also been used. [9] The drawback to such catalysts is the need for high loadings of palladium (up to 5 mol %), along with a larger amount of a copper co-catalyst. [ 9 ]