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A MAQUET hollow fiber membrane oxygenator. A membrane oxygenator is a device used to add oxygen to, and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.It can be used in two principal modes: to imitate the function of the lungs in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and to oxygenate blood in longer term life support, termed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), is a form of extracorporeal life support, providing prolonged cardiac and respiratory support to persons whose heart and lungs are unable to provide an adequate amount of oxygen, gas exchange or blood supply to sustain life.
Once the patient is stabilised on the ECMO circuit, they are transferred for further management of causal pathology, for example to the cardiac catheterisation laboratory for coronary angiogram or to radiology for thrombectomy. In an effort to avoid limb ischaemia, in some centres a third cannula is inserted.
Extracorporeal life support (ECLS), is a set of extracorporeal modalities that can provide oxygenation, removal of carbon dioxide, and/or circulatory support, excluding cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiothoracic or vascular surgery.
The last formally published ELSO Registry report was in 2017, and contained clinical characteristics, complications, and outcomes of 78,397 patients supported with ECMO. [10] Demonstrating the rapid growth of ECMO, at the beginning of 2020, the ELSO Registry contained information on 129,037 patients from 435 member centers across the world. [11]
Robert Bartlett (born May 8, 1939) is an American physician and medical researcher who is credited with developing a lifesaving heart-lung technology known as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). He is an emeritus professor of surgery at the University of Michigan Medical School.
There is a potential role for the use of nitric oxide in alleviating bladder contractile dysfunctions, [92] [93] and recent evidence suggests that nitrates may be beneficial for treatment of angina due to reduced myocardial oxygen consumption both by decreasing preload and afterload and by some direct vasodilation of coronary vessels.
Additionally, Respiratory Therapists are commonly involved in ECMO management and many pursue certification in such therapies due to the intimate relationship of the heart and lungs. On-going critical care management of an ECMO patient commonly requires strict ventilator management in relation to the type of ECMO support used.