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A diffractive beam splitter can generate either a 1-dimensional beam array (1xN) or a 2-dimensional beam matrix (MxN), depending on the diffractive pattern on the element. The diffractive beam splitter is used with monochromatic light such as a laser beam, and is designed for a specific wavelength and angle of separation between output beams.
The latter reduces unwanted Fresnel reflection of the rejected beam. A variant of the design exists called a Glan–laser prism . This is a Glan–Taylor prism with a steeper angle for the cut in the prism, which decreases reflection loss at the expense of reduced angular field of view. [ 1 ]
The Jones matrices are operators that act on the Jones vectors defined above. These matrices are implemented by various optical elements such as lenses, beam splitters, mirrors, etc. Each matrix represents projection onto a one-dimensional complex subspace of the Jones vectors. The following table gives examples of Jones matrices for polarizers:
The diffractive beam splitter [1] [2] (also known as multispot beam generator or array beam generator) is a single optical element that divides an input beam into multiple output beams. [3] Each output beam retains the same optical characteristics as the input beam, such as size, polarization and phase .
The principle of using a polarizing Michelson Interferometer as a narrow band filter was first described by Evans [25] who developed a birefringent photometer where the incoming light is split into two orthogonally polarized components by a polarizing beam splitter, sandwiched between two halves of a Michelson cube. This led to the first ...
A Glan–Thompson prism deflects the p-polarized ordinary ray and transmits the s-polarized extraordinary ray.The two halves of the prism are joined with optical cement, and the crystal axes are perpendicular to the plane of the diagram.
The cube can also eliminate etalon effects, back-side reflection and slight beam deflection. dichroic color filters form a dichroic prism; Polarizing cube beamsplitters have lower extinction ratio than birefringent ones, but less expensive; Partially-metallized mirrors provide non-polarizing beamsplitters
Beam-splitting polarizers split the incident beam into two beams of differing linear polarization. For an ideal polarizing beamsplitter these would be fully polarized, with orthogonal polarizations. For many common beam-splitting polarizers, however, only one of the two output beams is fully polarized.