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  2. Carbohydrate metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_metabolism

    Carbohydrates are typically stored as long polymers of glucose molecules with glycosidic bonds for structural support (e.g. chitin, cellulose) or for energy storage (e.g. glycogen, starch). However, the strong affinity of most carbohydrates for water makes storage of large quantities of carbohydrates inefficient due to the large molecular ...

  3. Carbohydrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate

    Lactose is a disaccharide found in animal milk. It consists of a molecule of D-galactose and a molecule of D-glucose bonded by beta-1-4 glycosidic linkage.. A carbohydrate (/ ˌ k ɑːr b oʊ ˈ h aɪ d r eɪ t /) is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula C m ...

  4. Glycobiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycobiology

    Defined in the narrowest sense, glycobiology is the study of the structure, biosynthesis, and biology of saccharides (sugar chains or glycans) that are widely distributed in nature. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Sugars or saccharides are essential components of all living things and aspects of the various roles they play in biology are researched in various ...

  5. Sugar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 19 January 2025. Sweet-tasting, water-soluble carbohydrates This article is about the class of sweet-flavored substances used as food. For common table sugar, see Sucrose. For other uses, see Sugar (disambiguation). Sugars (clockwise from top-left): white refined, unrefined, brown, unprocessed cane Sugar ...

  6. Biomolecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule

    Biomolecules are an important element of living organisms. They are often endogenous, [2] i.e. produced within the organism, [3] but organisms usually also need exogenous biomolecules, for example certain nutrients, to survive. Biomolecules and their reactions are studied in biology and its subfields of biochemistry and molecular biology.

  7. Autotroph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autotroph

    Gross primary production occurs by photosynthesis. This is the main way that primary producers get energy and make it available to other forms of life. Plants, many corals (by means of intracellular algae), some bacteria (cyanobacteria), and algae do this. During photosynthesis, primary producers receive energy from the sun and use it to ...

  8. Glycocalyx - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycocalyx

    The glycocalyx is located on the apical surface of vascular endothelial cells which line the lumen.When vessels are stained with cationic dyes such as Alcian blue stain, transmission electron microscopy shows a small, irregularly shaped layer extending approximately 50–100 nm into the lumen of a blood vessel.

  9. Glycome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycome

    An alternative definition is the entirety of carbohydrates in a cell. The glycome may in fact be one of the most complex entities in nature . " Glycomics , analogous to genomics and proteomics , is the systematic study of all glycan structures of a given cell type or organism" and is a subset of glycobiology .