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Capital costs are fixed, one-time expenses incurred on the purchase of land, buildings, construction, and equipment used in the production of goods or in the rendering of services. In other words, it is the total cost needed to bring a project to a commercially operable status.
Capital budgeting in corporate finance, corporate planning and accounting is an area of capital management that concerns the planning process used to determine whether an organization's long term capital investments such as new machinery, replacement of machinery, new plants, new products, and research development projects are worth the funding of cash through the firm's capitalization ...
The "uniform capitalization rules" or UNICAP rules were essentially a codification of the result of case of Commissioner v.Idaho Power Co., 418 U.S. 1 (1974) The UNICAP rules require a taxpayer to capitalize all direct and indirect costs that they incur in the production of real or tangible personal property that are allocable to that property.
Under the U.S. tax code, businesses expenditures can be deducted from the total taxable income when filing income taxes if a taxpayer can show the funds were used for business-related activities, [1] not personal [2] or capital expenses (i.e., long-term, tangible assets, such as property). [3]
Many businesses sell goods that they have bought or produced. When the goods are bought or produced, the costs associated with such goods are capitalized as part of inventory (or stock) of goods. [3] These costs are treated as an expense in the period the business recognizes income from sale of the goods. [4]
Capital Cost (asset price) = Net Operating Income / Capitalization Rate For example, in valuing the projected sale price of an apartment building that produced a net operating income of $10,000 last year, if we set a projected capitalization rate at 7%, then the asset value (or the price paid to own it) is $142,857 (= $10,000 /.07 ).
Cost Accounting Standards (popularly known as CAS) are a set of 19 standards and rules promulgated by the United States Government for use in determining costs on negotiated procurements. CAS differs from the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) in that FAR applies to substantially all contractors, whereas CAS applied primarily to the larger ones.
The minimum-cost flow problem (MCFP) is an optimization and decision problem to find the cheapest possible way of sending a certain amount of flow through a flow network.A typical application of this problem involves finding the best delivery route from a factory to a warehouse where the road network has some capacity and cost associated.