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Finally, he moved to a rejection of the charges in the acte enonciatif drawn up by the constitution charge by charge, with a royalist history of the revolution, portraying Louis as "the restorer of French Liberty". He finished, like many of the set-piece speeches of the revolution, with an appeal to history:
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity or Death", together with symbols such as tricolour flags, phrygian cap and gallic rooster. Liberté, égalité, fraternité (French pronunciation: [libɛʁte eɡalite fʁatɛʁnite]), French for ' liberty, equality, fraternity ', [1] is the national motto of France and the Republic of Haiti, and is an example of a ...
Jacques Ellul (/ ɛ ˈ l uː l /; French:; January 6, 1912 – May 19, 1994) was a French philosopher, sociologist, lay theologian, and professor.Noted as a Christian anarchist, Ellul was a longtime professor of History and the Sociology of Institutions on the Faculty of Law and Economic Sciences at the University of Bordeaux.
A document of the Parlement of Toulouse, cited by Ivan Luchitzkii, exposes in 1594 the motives of those frequent rebellions.Historian Henri Heller concludes from the document that the heavy taxation undoubtedly played an important role; looting, extortion, and the duty to accommodate and feed the soldiers of hosts were no less relevant.
The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars between French Catholics and Protestants (called Huguenots) from 1562 to 1598. Between two and four million people died from violence, famine or disease directly caused by the conflict, and it severely damaged the power of the French monarchy. [ 1 ]
French civil war may refer to: the war culminating in the Battle of Soissons (923) Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War (1407–1435) War of the Public Weal (1465) Mad War (1485–1488) French Wars of Religion (1562–1598) The Fronde (1648–1653) French Revolutionary Wars. Chouannerie (1792–1800) War in the Vendée (1793–1796) Chouannerie of 1832
The Peace of Rueil (French: Paix de Rueil, IPA: [pɛ də ʁɥœj] or ), signed 11 March 1649, signalled an end to the opening episodes of the Fronde (a period of civil war in the Kingdom of France) after little blood had been shed. The articles ended all hostilities and declared all avenues of trade reopened.
Louis-Philippe's regime was finally overthrown in the French Revolution of 1848, though the subsequent French Second Republic was short-lived. In the 1848 Revolution, Friedrich Engels published a retrospective in which he analyzed the tactical errors which led to the failure of the 1832 uprising, and drew lessons for the 1848 revolt.