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  2. Polarity (international relations) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarity_(international...

    Scholars have debated whether the current (in 2024) international order is characterized by unipolarity, bipolarity or multipolarity. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Michael Beckley argues American primacy is vastly underestimated because power indices frequently fail to take into account GDP per capita in the U.S. relative to other purportedly powerful states ...

  3. High-voltage direct current - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-voltage_direct_current

    A block diagram of a bipolar HVDC transmission system, between two stations designated A and B. AC – represents an alternating current network CON – represents a converter valve, either rectifier or inverter, TR represents a power transformer, DCTL is the direct-current transmission line conductor, DCL is a direct-current filter inductor ...

  4. Gummel plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gummel_plot

    In electronics, the Gummel plot is the combined plot of the base and collector electric currents, and , of a bipolar transistor vs. the base–emitter voltage, , on a semi-logarithmic scale. This plot is very useful in device characterization because it reflects on the quality of the emitter–base junction while the base–collector bias, V bc ...

  5. Bipolar junction transistor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_junction_transistor

    3D model of a TO-92 package, commonly used for small bipolar transistors. A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a type of transistor that uses both electrons and electron holes as charge carriers. In contrast, a unipolar transistor, such as a field-effect transistor (FET), uses only one kind of charge carrier.

  6. Electrosurgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrosurgery

    The monopolar instrument called an "active electrode" when energized, requires the application of another monopolar instrument called a "dispersive electrode" elsewhere on the patient's body that functions to 'defocus' or disperse the RF current thereby preventing thermal injury to the underlying tissue.

  7. Diathermy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diathermy

    Bipolar, where both electrodes are mounted on same pen-like device and electric current passes only through the tissue being treated. Advantage of bipolar electrosurgery is that it prevents the flow of current through other tissues of the body and focuses only on the tissue in contact.

  8. BiCMOS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BiCMOS

    Generally this means that high current circuits such as on chip power regulators use metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) for efficient control, and 'sea of logic' use conventional CMOS structures, while those portions of specialized very high performance circuits such as ECL dividers and LNAs use bipolar devices.

  9. Widlar current source - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widlar_current_source

    Figure 1: A version of the Widlar current source using bipolar transistors. Figure 1 is an example Widlar current source using bipolar transistors, where the emitter resistance R 2 is connected to the output transistor Q 2, and has the effect of reducing the current in Q 2 relative to Q 1.