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Intraductal papillomas of the breast are benign lesions with an incidence of approximately 2-3% in humans. [1] They result from abnormal proliferation of the epithelial cells lining the breast ducts. [2] Two types of intraductal papillomas are generally distinguished. The central type develops near the nipple.
The microscopic appearance of a nipple adenoma can be mistaken for carcinoma. [1] Other conditions that have similar symptoms and signs as nipple adenoma include Paget's disease of the breast, other intraductal papillomas, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), syringomatous adenoma of the nipple and subareolar sclerosing duct hyperplasia.
Intraductal papillomas are non-cancerous lesions and commonest in women age 30 to 50. Divided into central and peripheral papillomas, nipple discharge is more frequently observed when they are central. [10] Up to half of women with intraductal papillomas may present with bloody nipple discharge, but it can also be straw-coloured. [4]
With galactography, a larger part of the ductal system can be visualized than with the endoscopic investigation of a duct (called galactoscopy or ductoscopy). Causes for nipple discharge include duct ectasia , intraductal papilloma , and occasionally ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive ductal carcinoma .
Examples include atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, and intraductal papillomas. References. External links Benign ...
The diagnosis of PB may be suggested in individuals with the clinical presentation of PB plus the presence of a family history of mammary secretory carcinomas, lobular carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type, [4] [5] [14] Cowden disease, Noonan syndrome, Proteus syndrome, or neurofibromatosis type 1.
A papilloma (plural papillomas or papillomata) (papillo-+ -oma) is a benign epithelial tumor [1] growing exophytically (outwardly projecting) in nipple-like and often finger-like fronds. In this context, papilla refers to the projection created by the tumor, not a tumor on an already existing papilla (such as the nipple).
Atypical ductal hyperplasia is associated with a 2.4-fold risk. [20] In contrast, a New England Journal of Medicine article [ 21 ] states that for women with a strong familial history of breast cancer, the risk of future breast cancer is roughly doubled, independent of histological status.