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Nocardia as found on a brain biopsy. Nocardia is a genus of weakly staining Gram-positive, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. It forms partially acid-fast beaded branching filaments (appearing similar to fungi, but being truly bacteria). It contains a total of 85 species.
Actinomyces is a genus of the Actinomycetia class of bacteria. They all are Gram-positive and facultatively anaerobic , growing best under anaerobic conditions. [ 2 ] Actinomyces species may form endospores , and while individual bacteria are rod-shaped , Actinomyces colonies form fungus -like branched networks of hyphae . [ 3 ]
The Nocardiaceae form a monophyletic clade within the Corynebacteriales in both 16S rRNA and protein-based phylogenetic trees. [7] [8] A number of conserved signature indels and conserved signature proteins have been identified which are uniquely found in the genera Nocardia and Rhodococcus, supporting a close relationship between the two genera. [8]
Fungal yeast forms are inconsistently stained with Acid-fast stain which is considered a narrow spectrum stain for fungi. [21] In a study on acid-fastness of fungi, [ 22 ] 60% of blastomyces and 47% of histoplasma showed positive cytoplasmic staining of the yeast-like cells, and Cryptococcus or candida did not stain, and very rare staining was ...
The Actinomycetota (or Actinobacteria) are a diverse phylum of Gram-positive bacteria with high GC content. [4] They can be terrestrial or aquatic. [5] They are of great importance to land flora because of their contributions to soil systems. In soil they help to decompose the organic matter of dead organisms so the molecules can be taken up ...
A Gram stain of mixed Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 25923, gram-positive cocci, in purple) and Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 11775, gram-negative bacilli, in red), the most common Gram stain reference bacteria. Gram stain (Gram staining or Gram's method), is a method of staining used to classify bacterial species into two large groups ...
Scanning electron micrograph of Actinomyces israelii. Scientific classification; Domain: Bacteria: Phylum: Actinomycetota: Class: Actinomycetia (Stackebrandt et al. 1997) Salam et al. 2020 [1] Type genus; Actinomyces
Another well publicized find is that of Nocardia as part of the oral microflora. Nocardia spp. have been reported in the normal gingivae and periodontal pockets along with other species such as Actinomyces, Arthromyces [clarification needed] and Streptomyces spp. [8] The usual mode of transmission is inhalation of organisms suspended in dust.