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The term grey literature acts as a collective noun to refer to a large number of publications types produced by organizations for various reasons. These include research and project reports, annual or activity reports, theses, conference proceedings, preprints, working papers, newsletters, technical reports, recommendations and technical standards, patents, technical notes, data and statistics ...
John Ioannidis argues that "claimed research findings may often be simply accurate measures of the prevailing bias." [46] He lists the following factors as those that make a paper with a positive result more likely to enter the literature and suppress negative-result papers: The studies conducted in a field have small sample sizes.
Academic publishing is the subfield of publishing which distributes academic research and scholarship. Most academic work is published in academic journal articles, books or theses. The part of academic written output that is not formally published but merely printed up or posted on the Internet is often called "grey literature".
The Grey Literature International Steering Committee (GLISC) was established in 2006 after the 7th International Conference on Grey Literature (GL7) held in Nancy (France) on 5–6 December 2005. [ 1 ]
A research design typically outlines the theories and models underlying a project; the research question(s) of a project; a strategy for gathering data and information; and a strategy for producing answers from the data. [1] A strong research design yields valid answers to research questions while weak designs yield unreliable, imprecise or ...
Luzi D. Trends and evolution in the development of grey literature: a review. International Journal on Grey Literature, 2000, vol. 1, n° 3, p. 106 – 117. Pilling S. Dr Wood, I presume! Interlending & Document Supply, 2001, vol 29, n° 2, p. 59–62. Schöpfel J. MetaGrey Europe, A Proposal in the Aftermath of EAGLE-SIGLE.
This encompasses literature that has not been peer reviewed or published in an academic journal. [1] Working papers may be disseminated for the purpose of receiving feedback to improve the publication. [2] They are often the basis for related works, and may in themselves be cited by peer-review papers. They may be considered as grey literature.
The PRISMA flow diagram, depicting the flow of information through the different phases of a systematic review. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) is an evidence-based minimum set of items aimed at helping scientific authors to report a wide array of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, primarily used to assess the benefits and harms of a health care ...