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German based company KUKA built the world's first industrial robot with six electromechanically driven axes, known as FAMULUS. [82] In 1974, Michael J. Freeman created Leachim, a robot teacher who was programmed with the class curricular, as well as certain biographical information on the 40 students whom Leachim was programmed to teach. [83]
The term comes from a Slavic root, robot-, with meanings associated with labor. The word "robot" was first used to denote a fictional humanoid in a 1920 Czech-language play R.U.R. (Rossumovi Univerzální Roboti – Rossum's Universal Robots) by Karel Čapek, though it was Karel's brother Josef Čapek who was the word's true inventor.
Karel Čapek's play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) opened in London. This is the first use of the word "robot" in English. [44] 1920-1925 Wilhelm Lenz and Ernst Ising created and analyzed the Ising model (1925) [45] which can be viewed as the first artificial recurrent neural network (RNN) consisting of neuron-like threshold elements. [9]
"R.U.R." stands for Rossumovi Univerzální Roboti (Rossum's Universal Robots, [1] a phrase that has been used as a subtitle in English versions). [2] The play had its world premiere on 2 January 1921 in Hradec Králové; [3] it introduced the word "robot" to the English language and to science fiction as a whole. [4]
The word robot was first used to denote a fictional humanoid in a 1920 Czech-language play R.U.R. by Karel Čapek, though it was Karel's brother Josef Čapek who was the word's true inventor. Polarography was invented by Jaroslav Heyrovský in 1922. [6] Cabin motorcycle (Dálník) was invented by Jan Anderle during 1930s. [7] [8]
The word "robot" was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), published in 1920. The term "robotics" was coined by Isaac Asimov in his 1941 science fiction short-story "Liar!" [3] Articles related to robotics include:
For Dave Gianoni, the best-ever Marx toy was a cabled, two-foot tall robot made by the company in the 1960s. Gianoni's grandmother, Ligia Yacobozzi, worked at Marx Toys and often gave toys to her ...
The word robot comes from Karel Čapek's play, R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), written in 1920 in Czech and first performed in 1921. Performed in New York 1922 and an English edition published in 1923. In the play, the word refers to artificially created life forms. [1] Named robots in the play are Marius, Sulla, Radius, Primus, Helena, and ...