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According to Čapek, the word was created by his brother Josef from the Czech word robota 'corvée', or in Slovak 'work' or 'labor'. [51] (Karel Čapek was working on his play during his stay in Trenčianske Teplice in Slovakia where his father worked as a medical doctor.) The play R.U.R, replaced the popular use of the word "automaton". [52]
The term comes from a Slavic root, robot-, with meanings associated with labor. The word "robot" was first used to denote a fictional humanoid in a 1920 Czech-language play R.U.R. (Rossumovi Univerzální Roboti – Rossum's Universal Robots) by Karel Čapek, though it was Karel's brother Josef Čapek who was the word's true inventor.
First fictional automatons called "robots" appear in the play R.U.R. Rossum's Universal Robots: Karel Čapek: 1930s Humanoid robot exhibited at the 1939 and 1940 World's Fairs: Elektro: Westinghouse Electric Corporation: 1946 First general-purpose digital computer Whirlwind: Multiple people 1948 Simple robots exhibiting biological behaviors ...
The concept of robots as forced labor dates back at least as far as the word robot itself — so, too, does the notion of a robotic uprising. ‘Robot’ was coined 100 years ago, in a play ...
Karel Čapek's play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) opened in London. This is the first use of the word "robot" in English. [44] 1920-1925 Wilhelm Lenz and Ernst Ising created and analyzed the Ising model (1925) [45] which can be viewed as the first artificial recurrent neural network (RNN) consisting of neuron-like threshold elements. [9]
Sketch of a Unimate robot Unimate pouring coffee for a human, 1967. Unimate was the first industrial robot, [1] which worked on a General Motors assembly line at the Inland Fisher Guide Plant in Ewing Township, New Jersey, in 1961. [2] [3] [4] There were in fact a family of robots.
"R.U.R." stands for Rossumovi Univerzální Roboti (Rossum's Universal Robots, [1] a phrase that has been used as a subtitle in English versions). [2] The play had its world premiere on 2 January 1921 in Hradec Králové; [3] it introduced the word "robot" to the English language and to science fiction as a whole. [4]
George Charles Devol Jr. (February 20, 1912 – August 11, 2011) was an American inventor, best known for creating Unimate, the first industrial robot. [1] [2] The National Inventors Hall of Fame says, "Devol's patent for the first digitally operated programmable robotic arm represents the foundation of the modern robotics industry."