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The diversity of species and genes in ecological communities affects the functioning of these communities. These ecological effects of biodiversity in turn are affected by both climate change through enhanced greenhouse gases, aerosols and loss of land cover [citation needed], and biological diversity, causing a rapid loss of biodiversity and extinctions of species and local populations.
Biodiversity is also important to the security of resources such as water, timber, paper, fiber, and food. [ 175 ] [ 176 ] [ 177 ] As a result, biodiversity loss is a significant risk factor in business development and a threat to long-term economic sustainability.
Ecosystem diversity addresses the combined characteristics of biotic properties which are living organisms (biodiversity) and abiotic properties such as nonliving things like water or soil (geodiversity). It is a variation in the ecosystems found in a region or the variation in ecosystems over the whole planet.
Species richness, or biodiversity, increases from the poles to the tropics for a wide variety of terrestrial and marine organisms, often referred to as the latitudinal diversity gradient. [1] The latitudinal diversity gradient is one of the most widely recognized patterns in ecology. [1] It has been observed to varying degrees in Earth's past. [2]
Ecology (from Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos) 'house' and -λογία 'study of') is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and their environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels.
Ecological indicators play an important role in evaluating policy regarding the environment. [2] A large number of ecological indicators have been documented and reported worldwide, and an increasing number of studies has been conducted to assess the properties of ecological indicators and determine how they should be selected for assisting ...
Ecosystem respiration is the sum of all respiration occurring by the living organisms in a specific ecosystem. [1] The two main processes that contribute to ecosystem respiration are photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
The ecological and biogeographical concept of the species pool describes all species available that could potentially colonize and inhabit a focal habitat area. [1] [2] The concept lays emphasis on the fact that "local communities aren't closed systems, and that the species occupying any local site typically came from somewhere else", however, the species pool concept may suffer from the ...