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The Telephone Enterprise: The Evolution of the Bell System's Horizontal Structure, 1876–1909 (Johns Hopkins/At&T Series in Telephone History, 1985.) John, Richard R. Network Nation: Inventing American Telecommunications (Harvard UP, 2010) excerpt; Kleinfield, Sonny. The Biggest Company on Earth: A Profile of AT&T (1981). online; Pizer, Russell A.
The new AT&T Inc. lacks the vertical integration that characterized the historic AT&T Corporation and led to the Department of Justice antitrust suit. [23] AT&T Inc. announced it would not switch back to the Bell logo, [24] thus ending corporate use of the Bell logo by the Baby Bells, with the lone exception of Verizon.
Of the various resulting 1984 spinoffs, only BellSouth actively used and promoted the Bell name and logo during its entire history, from the 1984 break-up to its reunion with the new AT&T in 2006. Similarly, cessation of using either the Bell name or logo occurred for many of the other companies more than a decade after the 1984 break-up as ...
AT&T announced in 1995 that it would split into three companies: a manufacturing/R&D company, a computer company, and a services company. NCR, Bell Labs and AT&T Technologies were to be spun off by 1997. In preparation for its spin-off, AT&T Technologies was renamed Lucent Technologies. Lucent was completely spun off from AT&T in 1996.
AT&T) and settled in the Modification of Final Judgment on January 8, 1982. AT&T agreed to divest its local exchange service operating companies, effective January 1, 1984. The group of local operating companies were split into seven independent Regional Bell Operating Companies, which became known as the Baby Bells. [1]
United States v. AT&T, 552 F.Supp. 131 (1982), was a ruling of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, [1] that led to the 1984 Bell System divestiture, and the breakup of the old AT&T natural monopoly into seven regional Bell operating companies and a much smaller new version of AT&T.
After the break-up, AT&T operated their ships under a subsidiary called AT&T Submarine Systems Inc, based in Morristown, New Jersey, until they sold six ships to Tyco International Ltd in 1997 for $850 million. [22] AT&T continued to maintain their communication building facilities. Here is a list of the cable laying-ship fleet:
AT&T of 1974. The terms required the breakup of the Bell System , including removing local telephone service from AT&T control and placing business restrictions on the divested local telephone companies in exchange for removing other longstanding restrictions on what businesses AT&T could own and manage.