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Frank Aiken, Minister for the Co-ordination of Defensive Measures, 1939–1945 Recruitment Poster for the Volunteer Reserve Forces, 1939.. On 1 September 1939, German troops invaded Poland from the west (followed on 17 September by the Soviet Union from the east), precipitating war with the UK, France, and their allies.
At the start of the Second World War, Ireland declared its neutrality and proclaimed "The Emergency".By July 1940, after Germany's military conquests of Poland, Denmark and Norway, as well as Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands and France, Britain stood alone, with its Commonwealth and Empire against Nazi Germany.
Transubstantiation – the real presence of Jesus in the Eucharistic Adoration at Saint Thomas Aquinas Cathedral in Reno, Nevada. Transubstantiation (Latin: transubstantiatio; Greek: μετουσίωσις metousiosis) is, according to the teaching of the Catholic Church, "the change of the whole substance of bread into the substance of the Body of Christ and of the whole substance of wine ...
Markings to alert aircraft to neutral Republic of Ireland ("Éire") during World War II on Malin Head, County Donegal. Plan W, during World War II, was a plan of joint military operations between the governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom devised between 1940 and 1942, to be executed in the event of an invasion of Ireland by Nazi Germany.
Impressment in Ireland began in the early modern era, with such activities peaking during major conflicts and then subsequently receding. [1] In 1793, the Irish Militia was established by the Dublin Castle administration as a result of the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars to defend Ireland from invasion.
The original use of the term "United Nations" in 1942–45 always referred to the Allies of World War II. Ireland had applied to join the UN in 1946, following the demise of the League of Nations, whose final Secretary-General was Irish diplomat Seán Lester. [64]
Ireland came under extreme pressure from the British and even the US, who at this time were themselves neutral, to dispense with its neutrality policy and join with the Allies. [ citation needed ] A meeting took place in January 1941 between Éamon de Valera and John Maffey , the British representative in Dublin.
Eduard Hempel was a German diplomat. He was the representative of Nazi Germany to Ireland between 1937 and 1945, in the build-up to and during The Emergency in Second World War.