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Many, if not most, undecidable problems in mathematics can be posed as word problems: determining when two distinct strings of symbols (encoding some mathematical concept or object) represent the same object or not. For undecidability in axiomatic mathematics, see List of statements undecidable in ZFC.
Another definition is "a problem whose social complexity means that it has no determinable stopping point". [2] Moreover, because of complex interdependencies, the effort to solve one aspect of a wicked problem may reveal or create other problems. Due to their complexity, wicked problems are often characterized by organized irresponsibility.
A decision problem is a question which, for every input in some infinite set of inputs, answers "yes" or "no". [2] Those inputs can be numbers (for example, the decision problem "is the input a prime number?") or values of some other kind, such as strings of a formal language.
This is a list of puzzles that cannot be solved. An impossible puzzle is a puzzle that cannot be resolved, either due to lack of sufficient information, or any number of logical impossibilities. Kookrooster maken 23; 15 Puzzle – Slide fifteen numbered tiles into numerical order. It is impossible to solve in half of the starting positions. [1]
[2] [3] An important open mathematics problem solved in the early 21st century is the Poincaré conjecture. Open problems exist in all scientific fields. For example, one of the most important open problems in biochemistry is the protein structure prediction problem [ 4 ] [ 5 ] – how to predict a protein 's structure from its sequence.
It follows from the definition of g that exactly one of the following two cases must hold: f(e,e) = 0 and so g(e) = 0. In this case program e halts on input e, so h(e,e) = 1. f(e,e) ≠ 0 and so g(e) is undefined. In this case program e does not halt on input e, so h(e,e) = 0. In either case, f cannot be the same function as h.
Can 3SUM be solved in strongly sub-quadratic time, that is, in time O(n 2−ϵ) for some ϵ>0? Can the edit distance between two strings of length n be computed in strongly sub-quadratic time? (This is only possible if the strong exponential time hypothesis is false.) Can X + Y sorting be done in o(n 2 log n) time?
Indeterminate equations cannot be solved uniquely. In fact, in some cases it might even have infinitely many solutions. [2] Some of the prominent examples of indeterminate equations include: Univariate polynomial equation: + + + + + =,