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  2. Value type and reference type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_type_and_reference_type

    Many languages have explicit pointers or references. Reference types differ from these in that the entities they refer to are always accessed via references; for example, whereas in C++ it's possible to have either a std:: string and a std:: string *, where the former is a mutable string and the latter is an explicit pointer to a mutable string (unless it's a null pointer), in Java it is only ...

  3. .cpp - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cpp

    Upload file; Special pages; Permanent link; Page information; Cite this page; ... .cpp is a filename extension that may apply to: Files containing C Preprocessor ...

  4. Call-by-push-value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call-by-push-value

    In programming language theory, call-by-push-value (CBPV) is an intermediate language that embeds the call-by-value (CBV) and call-by-name (CBN) evaluation strategies. CBPV is structured as a polarized λ-calculus with two main types, "values" (+) and "computations" (-). [ 1 ]

  5. List of filename extensions (A–E) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_filename_extensions...

    3D object file format with normals (.noff, .cnoff) [51] NOFF is an acronym derived from Object File Format. Occasionally called CNOFF if color information is present. [52] COB [53] COBOL language source GnuCOBOL: COE [54] Coefficient file Xilinx ISE: COFF 3D object file format (.off, .coff) [55] OFF is an acronym for Object File Format. Used ...

  6. List of file formats - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats

    CS – File extension for C-Sharp (C#) files; DAA – DAA: Closed-format, Windows-only compressed disk image; DEB – Debian install package; DMG – an Apple compressed/encrypted format; DDZ – a file which can only be used by the "daydreamer engine" created by "fever-dreamer", a program similar to RAGS, it's mainly used to make somewhat ...

  7. List of free and open-source software packages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_free_and_open...

    This is a list of free and open-source software packages , computer software licensed under free software licenses and open-source licenses. Software that fits the Free Software Definition may be more appropriately called free software ; the GNU project in particular objects to their works being referred to as open-source . [ 1 ]

  8. Parameter (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameter_(computer...

    In the most common case, call by value, a parameter acts within the subroutine as a new local variable initialized to the value of the argument (a local (isolated) copy of the argument if the argument is a variable), but in other cases, e.g. call by reference, the argument variable supplied by the caller can be affected by actions within the ...

  9. C++/CLI - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++/CLI

    A tracking reference in C++/CLI is a handle of a passed-by-reference variable. It is similar in concept to using *& (reference to a pointer) in standard C++, and (in function declarations) corresponds to the ref keyword applied to types in C#, or ByRef in Visual Basic .NET. C++/CLI uses a ^% syntax to indicate a tracking reference to a handle.