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Both IgA1 and IgA2 can be in membrane-bound form. [13] (see B-cell receptor) The heavy chain of IgA1, in contrast to IgA2, features an extended hinge region. This is thought to allow IgA1 to adapt more effectively to varying epitope spacings on multivalent antigens, while also presenting less resistance to bacterial proteases. [14]
α – IgA, further divided into subclasses IgA1 and IgA2; δ – IgD; γ – IgG, further divided into subclasses IgG1 to IgG4; ε – IgE; μ – IgM; There are also two light chain isotypes κ and λ; however, there is no significant difference in function between the two. Thus an antibody isotype is determined by the constant regions of the ...
n/a Ensembl ENSG00000211895 n/a UniProt n a n/a RefSeq (mRNA) n/a n/a RefSeq (protein) n/a n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 14: 105.7 – 105.71 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human Immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 is a immunoglobulin gene with symbol IGHA1. It encodes a constant (C) segment of Immunoglobulin A heavy chain. Immunoglobulin A is an antibody that plays a critical role in ...
Mechanism of class-switch recombination that allows isotype switching in activated B cells. Immunoglobulin class switching, also known as isotype switching, isotypic commutation or class-switch recombination (CSR), is a biological mechanism that changes a B cell's production of immunoglobulin from one type to another, such as from the isotype IgM to the isotype IgG. [1]
Thus, the IgA protease act by cleaving the proline-rich hinge region of the heavy chain of IgA1. Three major bacteria , Neisseria meningitidis , Streptococcus pneumoniae , and Haemophilus influenzae type B, release the IgA protease which destroys IgA.
Selective IgA deficiency is inherited in less than half of cases, [6] but has been associated with differences in chromosomes 18, 14 and 6.Selective IgA deficiency is often inherited, but fewer than half of all cases but has been associated with some congenital intrauterine infections.
IgA nephropathy (IgAN), also known as Berger's disease (/ b ɛər ˈ ʒ eɪ /) (and variations), or synpharyngitic glomerulonephritis, is a disease of the kidney (or nephropathy) and the immune system; specifically it is a form of glomerulonephritis or an inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney.
Each antibody binds to a specific antigen in a highly specific interaction analogous to a lock and key.. An antibody (Ab) or immunoglobulin (Ig) is a large, Y-shaped protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens such as bacteria and viruses, including those that cause disease.