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  2. Concepts (C++) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concepts_(C++)

    The following is a declaration of the concept "equality_comparable" from the <concepts> header of a C++20 standard library. This concept is satisfied by any type T such that for lvalues a and b of type T, the expressions a==b and a!=b as well as the reverse b==a and b!=a compile, and their results are convertible to a type that satisfies the concept "boolean-testable":

  3. Merge sort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_sort

    In computer science, merge sort (also commonly spelled as mergesort and as merge-sort[2]) is an efficient, general-purpose, and comparison-based sorting algorithm. Most implementations produce a stable sort, which means that the relative order of equal elements is the same in the input and output.

  4. Three-way comparison - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-way_comparison

    Three-way comparison. In computer science, a three-way comparison takes two values A and B belonging to a type with a total order and determines whether A < B, A = B, or A > B in a single operation, in accordance with the mathematical law of trichotomy. It can be implemented in terms of a function (such as strcmp in C), a method (such as ...

  5. Comparison of programming languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    Comparison of Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET. v. t. e. Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine (often a computer). Like natural languages, programming languages follow rules for syntax and semantics. There are thousands of programming languages [ 1 ] and new ones are created every year.

  6. Comparison of programming languages (syntax) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    The above statements can also be classified by whether they are a syntactic convenience (allowing things to be referred to by a shorter name, but they can still be referred to by some fully qualified name without import), or whether they are actually required to access the code (without which it is impossible to access the code, even with fully ...

  7. Generic programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_programming

    The "generic programming" paradigm is an approach to software decomposition whereby fundamental requirements on types are abstracted from across concrete examples of algorithms and data structures and formalized as concepts, analogously to the abstraction of algebraic theories in abstract algebra. [6] Early examples of this programming approach ...

  8. Access modifiers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_modifiers

    Access modifiers are a specific part of programming language syntax used to facilitate the encapsulation of components. [1] In C++, there are only three access modifiers. C# extends the number of them to six, [2] while Java has four access modifiers, but three keywords for this purpose. In Java, having no keyword before defaults to the package ...

  9. Pointer (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointer_(computer_programming)

    In computer science, a pointer is an object in many programming languages that stores a memory address. This can be that of another value located in computer memory, or in some cases, that of memory-mapped computer hardware. A pointer references a location in memory, and obtaining the value stored at that location is known as dereferencing the ...