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As an action potential (nerve impulse) travels down an axon there is a change in electric polarity across the membrane of the axon. In response to a signal from another neuron, sodium- (Na +) and potassium- (K +)–gated ion channels open and close as the membrane reaches its threshold potential. Na + channels open at the beginning of the ...
Mechanosensation is the transduction of mechanical stimuli into neural signals. Mechanosensation provides the basis for the senses of light touch, hearing, proprioception, and pain. Mechanoreceptors found in the skin, called cutaneous mechanoreceptors, are responsible for the sense of touch. Tiny cells in the inner ear, called hair cells, are ...
Summation (neurophysiology) Basic ways that neurons can interact with each other when converting input to output. Summation, which includes both spatial summation and temporal summation, is the process that determines whether or not an action potential will be generated by the combined effects of excitatory and inhibitory signals, both from ...
Subthreshold membrane potential oscillations are membrane oscillations that do not directly trigger an action potential since they do not reach the necessary threshold for firing. However, they may facilitate sensory signal processing. Neurons produce action potentials when their membrane potential increases past a critical threshold.
A receptor potential, also known as a generator potential, [1] a type of graded potential, is the transmembrane potential difference produced by activation of a sensory receptor. [2] A receptor potential is often produced by sensory transduction. [3] It is generally a depolarizing event resulting from inward current flow.
In neuroscience, threshold potentials are necessary to regulate and propagate signaling in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Most often, the threshold potential is a membrane potential value between –50 and –55 mV, [1] but can vary based upon several factors. A neuron 's resting membrane ...
Four types of sensory neuron. Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, are neurons in the nervous system, that convert a specific type of stimulus, via their receptors, into action potentials or graded receptor potentials. [1] This process is called sensory transduction. The cell bodies of the sensory neurons are located in the dorsal ...
In cellular biology, mechanotransduction (mechano + transduction) is any of various mechanisms by which cells convert mechanical stimulus into electrochemical activity. [1][2][3][4] This form of sensory transduction is responsible for a number of senses and physiological processes in the body, including proprioception, touch, [5] balance, and ...