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You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
A Treatise on Probability, [1] published by John Maynard Keynes in 1921, provides a much more general logic of uncertainty than the more familiar and straightforward 'classical' theories of probability. [notes 1] [3] [notes 2] This has since become known as a "logical-relationist" approach, [5] [notes 3] and become regarded as the seminal and ...
The probability is sometimes written to distinguish it from other functions and measure P to avoid having to define "P is a probability" and () is short for ({: ()}), where is the event space, is a random variable that is a function of (i.e., it depends upon ), and is some outcome of interest within the domain specified by (say, a particular ...
The emergence of probability : a philosophical study of early ideas about probability, induction and statistical inference. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521685573. Paul Humphreys, ed. (1994) Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher, Synthese Library, Springer-Verlag. Vol. 1: Probability and Probabilistic Causality.
In probability theory and statistics, Campbell's theorem or the Campbell–Hardy theorem is either a particular equation or set of results relating to the expectation of a function summed over a point process to an integral involving the mean measure of the point process, which allows for the calculation of expected value and variance of the random sum.
In probability theory, an event is a subset of outcomes of an experiment (a subset of the sample space) to which a probability is assigned. [1] A single outcome may be an element of many different events, [2] and different events in an experiment are usually not equally likely, since they may include very different groups of outcomes. [3]
The efficiency of accessing a key depends on the length of its list. If we use a single hash function which selects locations with uniform probability, with high probability the longest chain has ( ) keys. A possible improvement is to use two hash functions, and put each new key in the shorter of the two lists.