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Contributing structures of the carbonate ion. In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, [1] also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond theory.
In organic chemistry, enols are a type of functional group or intermediate in organic chemistry containing a group with the formula C=C(OH) (R = many substituents). The term enol is an abbreviation of alkenol, a portmanteau deriving from "-ene"/"alkene" and the "-ol". Many kinds of enols are known. [1]
In chemistry, the mesomeric effect (or resonance effect) is a property of substituents or functional groups in a chemical compound.It is defined as the polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two pi bonds or between a pi bond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacent atom. [1]
The molecule has a bent structure. [3] The superoxide anion, • O − 2, and the hydroperoxyl radical exist in equilibrium in aqueous solution: • O − 2 + H 2 O ⇌ HO • 2 + HO −. The pK a of HO 2 is 4.88. Therefore, about 0.3% of any superoxide present in the cytosol of a typical cell is in the protonated form. [4] It oxidizes nitric ...
Such a resonance structure is called a Clar structure. In other words, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with a given number of π-sextets is more stable than its isomers with fewer π-sextets. [1] [2] In 1984, Glidewell and Lloyd provided an extension of Clar's rule to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing rings of any size. [3]
The • HO radical is linked with the production of H 2 O in molecular clouds. Studies of • HO distribution in Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (TMC-1) [20] suggest that in dense gas, • HO is mainly formed by dissociative recombination of H 3 O +. Dissociative recombination is the reaction in which a molecular ion recombines with an electron and ...
In chemistry, a superoxide is a compound that contains the superoxide ion, which has the chemical formula O − 2. [1] The systematic name of the anion is dioxide(1−).The reactive oxygen ion superoxide is particularly important as the product of the one-electron reduction of dioxygen O 2, which occurs widely in nature. [2]
The negative charge that is left after deprotonation of the carboxyl group is delocalized between the two electronegative oxygen atoms in a resonance structure. If the R group is an electron-withdrawing group (such as –CF 3), the basicity of the carboxylate will be further weakened. [1]: 264–5