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An onboard refueling vapor recovery system (ORVR) is a vehicle fuel vapor emission control system that captures volatile organic compounds (VOC, potentially harmful vapors) during refueling. [ 1 ] [ page needed ] There are two types of vehicle fuel vapor emission control systems: the ORVR, and the Stage II vapor recovery system. [ 2 ]
In 1975 the Vapor Recovery Gasoline Nozzle was an improvement on the idea of the original gasoline nozzle delivery system. The improved idea was the brain child of Mark Maine of San Diego, California, where Mark was a gas station attendant at a corporate owned and operated Chevron U.S.A. service station.
Fuel vapor storage canister for a Peugeot 205. Evaporative emissions are the result of gasoline vapors escaping from the vehicle's fuel system. Since 1971, all U.S. vehicles have had fully sealed fuel systems that do not vent directly to the atmosphere; mandates for systems of this type appeared contemporaneously in other jurisdictions.
Vapor lock was a common occurrence in stock car racing, since the cars have traditionally used gasoline and carburetors.With the introduction of the fuel injection requirement for NASCAR-sanctioned events in 2012, vapor lock has been largely eliminated.
Exhaust gas—which consists largely of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor—has a higher specific heat than air, so it still serves to lower peak combustion temperatures. However, adding EGR to a diesel reduces the specific heat ratio of the combustion gases in the power stroke .
1826: A patent for the principle of a "gas or vapor engine" is granted to American inventor Samuel Morey. [10] The patent includes the first known design for a carburetor. 1833: A patent for a double-acting gas Lemuel Wellman Wright, UK patent no. 6525, table-type gas engine. Double-acting gas engine, first record of water-jacketed cylinder. [11]
The largest part of most combustion gas is nitrogen (N 2), water vapor (H 2 O) (except with pure-carbon fuels), and carbon dioxide (CO 2) (except for fuels without carbon); these are not toxic or noxious (although water vapor and carbon dioxide are greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change).
Gasoline can be released into the Earth's environment as an uncombusted liquid fuel, as a flammable liquid, or as a vapor by way of leakages occurring during its production, handling, transport and delivery. [82] Gasoline contains known carcinogens, [83] [84] [85] and gasoline exhaust is a health risk. [74]