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Arsenic poisoning (or arsenicosis) is a medical condition that occurs due to elevated levels of arsenic in the body. [4] If arsenic poisoning occurs over a brief period of time, symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, encephalopathy, and watery diarrhea that contains blood. [1]
Dimercaprol has long been the mainstay of chelation therapy for lead or arsenic poisoning, [7] and it is an essential drug. [6] It is also used as an antidote to the chemical weapon Lewisite . Nonetheless, because it can have serious adverse effects , researchers have also pursued development of less toxic analogues, [ 7 ] such as succimer .
The Marsh test is a highly sensitive method in the detection of arsenic, especially useful in the field of forensic toxicology when arsenic was used as a poison. It was developed by the chemist James Marsh and first published in 1836. [1] The method continued to be used, with improvements, in forensic toxicology until the 1970s. [2]
It is used as a chelating agent: In Wilson's disease, a rare genetic disorder of copper metabolism, penicillamine treatment relies on its binding to accumulated copper and elimination through urine. [4] Penicillamine was the second line treatment for arsenic poisoning, after dimercaprol (BAL). [5] It is no longer recommended. [6]
From 1905, inorganic arsenicals like Fowler's solution saw diminished use as attention turned to organic arsenicals, starting with Atoxyl. [ 4 ] As arsenical compounds are notably toxic and carcinogenic —with side effects such as cirrhosis of the liver , idiopathic portal hypertension , urinary bladder cancer , and skin cancers —Fowler's ...
Arsenic biochemistry is the set of biochemical processes that can use arsenic or its compounds, such as arsenate. Arsenic is a moderately abundant element in Earth's crust , and although many arsenic compounds are often considered highly toxic to most life, a wide variety of organoarsenic compounds are produced biologically and various organic ...
Jamestown colonists (1607–1610); standard historical accounts suggest many early colonists died of starvation, but the possibility of arsenic poisoning by rat poison (or of death by bubonic plague) has also been reported [5] Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury (d. 1612) Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy (d. 1637)
Succimer, sold under the brand name Chemet among others, is a medication used to treat lead, mercury, and arsenic poisoning. [4] When radiolabeled with technetium-99m, it is used in many types of diagnostic testing. [5] A full course of Succimer lasts for 19 days of oral administration. [4]