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  2. Viral replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_replication

    As the virus bends the plasma membrane it begins to wrap around the whole capsid until the virus is no longer attached to the host cell. Another common way viruses leave the host cell is through cell lysis, where the viruses lyse the cell causing it to burst which releases mature viruses that were in the host cell. [3]

  3. Viral shedding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_shedding

    Viral shedding is the expulsion and release of virus progeny following successful reproduction during a host cell infection. Once replication has been completed and the host cell is exhausted of all resources in making viral progeny, the viruses may begin to leave the cell by several methods.

  4. Viral life cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_life_cycle

    To enter the cells, proteins on the surface of the virus interact with proteins of the cell. Attachment, or adsorption, occurs between the viral particle and the host cell membrane. A hole forms in the cell membrane, then the virus particle or its genetic contents are released into the host cell, where replication of the viral genome may commence.

  5. Lytic cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytic_cycle

    To infect a host cell, the virus must first inject its own nucleic acid into the cell through the plasma membrane and (if present) the cell wall. The virus does so by either attaching to a receptor on the cell's surface or by simple mechanical force. The binding is due to electrostatic interactions and is influenced by pH and the presence of ions.

  6. Poliovirus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliovirus

    The replication cycle of poliovirus is initiated by binding to the cell surface receptor CD155 (1). The virion forms a pore in the cell membrane through which viral RNA is released into the cytoplasm (2). Translation of the viral RNA occurs by an IRES-mediated mechanism (3). The polyprotein is cleaved, yielding mature viral proteins (4).

  7. Viral entry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_entry

    A virus must now enter the cell, which is covered by a phospholipid bilayer, a cell's natural barrier to the outside world. The process by which this barrier is breached depends upon the virus. Types of entry are: Membrane fusion or Hemifusion state: The cell membrane is punctured and made to further connect with the unfolding viral envelope.

  8. Viroporin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viroporin

    Viroporins are small and usually hydrophobic multifunctional viral proteins that modify cellular membranes, thereby facilitating virus release from infected cells. [2] [3] Viroporins are capable of assembling into oligomeric ion channels or pores in the host cell's membrane, rendering it more permeable and thus facilitating the exit of virions ...

  9. Capsid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsid

    The envelope is acquired by the capsid from an intracellular membrane in the virus' host; examples include the inner nuclear membrane, the Golgi membrane, and the cell's outer membrane. [7] Once the virus has infected a cell and begins replicating itself, new capsid subunits are synthesized using the protein biosynthesis mechanism of the cell ...