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Adherens junctions, desmosomes and hemidesmosomes (anchoring junctions) Gap junctions [5] (communicating junction) Tight junctions (occluding junctions) Invertebrates have several other types of specific junctions, for example septate junctions (a type of occluding junction) [4] or the C. elegans apical junction.
Desmosomes prevent separation during contraction by binding intermediate filaments, anchoring the cell membrane to the intermediate filament network, joining the cells together. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Gap junctions connect the cytoplasms of neighboring cells electrically allowing cardiac action potentials to spread between cardiac cells by permitting the ...
When the membranes of two animal cells are close, they may form special types of cell junctions, which come in three broad types: occluding junctions (such as tight junctions and septate junctions), anchoring junctions (such as adherens junctions, desmosomes, focal adhesions, and hemidesmosomes), and communicating junctions (such as gap ...
Adjacent epithelial cells are connected by adherens junctions on their lateral membranes. They are located just below tight junctions. Their function is to give shape and tension to cells and tissues and they are also the site of cell-cell signaling. Adherens junctions are made of cell adhesion molecules from the cadherin family. There are over ...
Gap junctions were first described as close appositions as other tight junctions, but following electron microscopy studies in 1967, they were renamed gap junctions to distinguish them from tight junctions. [2] They bridge a 2-4 nm gap between cell membranes. [3] Gap junctions use protein complexes known as connexons to
In desmosomes, plakoglobin and plakophilin help to anchor desmoplakin and keratin filaments to the desmosome structure. Plakoglobin has 12-arm repeats with a head and tail structure. Plakophilins have 9-arm repeats, and exist in two isoforms: a shorter "a" form and longer "b" form. [citation needed]
In cell biology, adherens junctions (or zonula adherens, intermediate junction, or "belt desmosome" [1]) are protein complexes that occur at cell–cell junctions and cell–matrix junctions in epithelial and endothelial tissues, [2] usually more basal than tight junctions.
They are responsible for establishment of tricellular tight junctions and regulate the paracellular barrier function. [17] Zonula Occludin 1 (ZO-1) serves as the scaffolding protein for the tight junction. This means that it directly links the tight junction proteins to the f-actin cytoskeleton. In addition to anchoring claudins, occludin, and ...