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How COVID‑19 vaccines work. The video shows the process of vaccination, from injection with RNA or viral vector vaccines, to uptake and translation, and on to immune system stimulation and effect. Part of a series on the COVID-19 pandemic Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom. COVID-19 (disease) SARS-CoV-2 (virus) Cases Deaths ...
All RMPs for COVID‑19 vaccines will be published on the EMA's website. [136] The EMA published guidance for developers of potential COVID‑19 vaccines on the clinical evidence to include in marketing authorization applications. [137] In November 2020, the CHMP started a rolling review of the Moderna vaccine for COVID‑19 known as mRNA-1273 ...
The Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is used to provide protection against COVID-19, caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, by eliciting an immune response to the S antigen. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 31 ] [ 40 ] The vaccine is used to reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19.
The Janssen COVID‑19 vaccine, (Ad26.COV2.S) sold under the brand name Jcovden, [1] is a COVID‑19 vaccine that was developed by Janssen Vaccines in Leiden, Netherlands, [24] and its Belgian parent company Janssen Pharmaceuticals, [25] a subsidiary of American company Johnson & Johnson.
The vaccine consists of a version of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS‑CoV‑2 spike protein, together with the adjuvants aluminium hydroxide gel and CpG 1018. [2] As the RBD protein is poorly immunogenic alone, adjuvantation is essential for a RBD-based vaccine immunogenicity. [ 9 ]
The COVID-19 vaccine, known now as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or AZD1222, makes use of this vector, which stimulates an immune response against the coronavirus spike protein. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Animal studies began in March 2020, and recruitment of 510 human participants for a phase I/II trial began on 27 March, [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ] and the results were ...
The Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID‑19 vaccine is used to provide protection against infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in order to prevent COVID-19 in adults aged 18 years and older. [1] The medicine is administered by two 0.5 ml (0.017 US fl oz) doses given by intramuscular injection into the deltoid muscle (upper arm).
As of 7 July 2021, CoronaVac is the most widely used COVID-19 vaccine in the world, with 943 million doses delivered globally. [40] In July, Sinovac signed advanced purchase agreements with GAVI to supply COVAX with 50 million doses in the third quarter of 2021 and up to a total of 380 million doses by the first half of 2022.