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An abrupt stop of pulmonary gas exchange lasting for more than five minutes may permanently damage vital organs, especially the brain. Lack of oxygen to the brain causes loss of consciousness. Brain injury is likely if respiratory arrest goes untreated for more than three minutes, and death is almost certain if more than five minutes.
The most common underlying causes are different, depending on the patient's age. Common cardiac causes include coronary artery disease, non-atherosclerotic coronary artery abnormalities, structural heart damage, and inherited arrhythmias. Common non-cardiac causes include respiratory arrest, diabetes, medications, and trauma.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure consisting of chest compressions often combined with artificial ventilation, or mouth to mouth in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
Serious side effects may include kidney problems, liver problems, low blood pressure, and malignant hyperthermia. [5] [4] It is unclear if it is safe in either pregnancy or breastfeeding. [5] It is only recommended in those who have a normal level of consciousness and stable blood pressure and heart rate. [4] It is classified as a volatile ...
Deliberately inhaling solvents from an attached paper or plastic bag or in a closed area greatly increases the chances of suffocation. Brain damage is typically seen with chronic long-term use as opposed to short-term exposure. [6] Parkinsonism (see: Signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease) has been associated with huffing. [36]
AKI - the other main type of kidney disease - can be caused by dehydration, blood loss, urinary tract obstructions such as kidney stones or blood clots, low blood pressure, or heart disease. It ...
Patients, said Conroy of Ohio State, often require a rescue inhaler for quick relief, as well as a long-acting or maintenance inhaler to prevent symptoms. “Patients have multiple medical ...
Salbutamol is typically used to treat bronchospasm (due to any cause—allergic asthma or exercise-induced), as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [8] It is also one of the most common medicines used in rescue inhalers (short-term bronchodilators to alleviate asthma attacks). [17] As a β 2 agonist, salbutamol also has use in ...