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Acute use (1–3 days) yields a potency about 1.5× stronger than that of morphine and chronic use (7 days+) yields a potency about 2.5 to 5× that of morphine. Similarly, the effect of tramadol increases after consecutive dosing due to the accumulation of its active metabolite and an increase of the oral bioavailability in chronic use.
Controlled-release oxycodone with naloxone (Targin, Targiniq, Targinact) [39] – 10–12 hour duration [14] Controlled-release oxycodone with naltrexone (Troxyca) – 10–12 hour duration [14] [40] A liquid solution containing 10mg of oxycodone per 1ml. In the US, oxycodone is only approved for use by mouth, available as tablets and oral ...
Approved indication for dihydrocodeine is the management of moderate to moderately severe pain as well as coughing and shortness of breath. As is the case with other drugs in this group, the antitussive dose tends to be less than the analgesic dose, and dihydrocodeine is a powerful cough suppressant like all other members of the immediate codeine family (see below) and their cousins ...
14-Hydroxydihydrocodeine (RAM-318) is an opiate analgesic drug, which is also an active metabolite of oxycodone and hydromorphinol. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] 14-Hydroxydihydrocodeine is not currently marketed in any developed country, but has been of interest to pharmaceutical companies looking for new analgesics and antitussives .
Oxymorphone (sold under the brand names Numorphan and Opana among others) is a highly potent opioid analgesic indicated for treatment of severe pain. Pain relief after injection begins after about 5–10 minutes, after oral administration it begins after about 30 minutes, and lasts about 3–4 hours for immediate-release tablets and 12 hours for extended-release tablets. [6]
Carbonate derivatives of 14β-hydroxycodeine "viz., 14β-hydroxy-6-O-(methoxycarbonyl)codeine, 6-O-methoxycarbonyl-14β-(methoxycarbonyloxy)codeine, and 14β-acetoxy-6-O-methoxy-carbonylcodeine, potential substrates for ring C modification in morphinane (sic) alkaloids, were synthesized for the first time."
Dihydroisocodeine is an opioid. [1] The National Research Council of the United States reported in 1941 that isocodeine is one of four isomers of codeine known at the time (heterocodeine can be considered a fifth) and DHIC, then in use in Europe as a pharmaceutical, was four times stronger than dihydrocodeine as isocodeine is four times stronger than codeine.
Thebacon is an opioid agonist narcotic analgesic of the middle range and a strong antitussive, primarily used in Europe, although it is no longer in common use. [citation needed] Currently, dihydrocodeine and nicocodeine are used as second-line codeine replacements.