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Structure of the classical cephalosporins. The cephalosporins (sg. / ˌ s ɛ f ə l ə ˈ s p ɔːr ɪ n, ˌ k ɛ-,-l oʊ-/ [1] [2]) are a class of β-lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungus Acremonium, which was previously known as Cephalosporium. [3] Together with cephamycins, they constitute a subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics ...
This is a list of common β-lactam antibiotics—both administered drugs and those not in clinical use—organized by structural class. Antibiotics are listed alphabetically within their class or subclass by their nonproprietary name. If an antibiotic is a combination drug, both ingredients will be listed.
ATC code J01 Antibacterials for systemic use is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.
They are very similar to cephalosporins, and the cephamycins are sometimes classified as cephalosporins. Like cephalosporins, cephamycins are based upon the cephem nucleus. Unlike most cephalosporins, cephamycins are a very efficient antibiotic against anaerobic microbes. [citation needed]
C. Carbacephem; Cefacetrile; Cefaclor; Cefadroxil; Cefalexin; Cefaloglycin; Cefalonium; Cefalotin; Cefamandole; Cefaparole; Cefapirin; Cefatrizine; Cefazaflur; Cefazedone
[18] [19] Tazobactam is partially metabolized to an inactive metabolite, and both drug and metabolite are excreted in the urine (80% as unchanged drug). [20] The half-life of ceftolozane is 2.5–3.0 hours, and the half-life of tazobactam is approximately 1.0 hour; the clearance of both drugs is directly proportional to renal function.
Cefiderocol may cause serious and life-threatening allergic reactions, severe diarrhea caused by C. difficile and seizures. [9]An increased rate of mortality was observed in people treated with cefiderocol as compared to other antibiotics in a separate clinical trial in critically ill people with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.
It is in the third-generation cephalosporin class of medications. [5] It works by disrupting the bacteria's cell wall resulting in its death. [5] Cefixime was patented in 1979 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1989. [5] [8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [9]