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Most radiation therapy is planned using the results of a 3D CT scan. A 3D scan largely presents a snapshot of the body at a particular point in time, however due to the time of the acquisition, in which the patient is likely to have moved in some way (even if only breathing), there will be an element of blurring or averaging in the 3D scan. [ 6 ]
A 26-year-old male patient with elevated serum parathyroid hormones and calcium secondary to intra-thyroid parathyroid adenoma. a, b Enhanced axial and coronal CT scan of the neck demonstrate a well-defined hypodense right thyroid nodule (white arrows). c Bone window coronal CT scan shows lytic expansile lesions at the right mandible and left ...
The parathyroid glands are variable in number: three or more small glands, [5] and can usually be located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. [5] Occasionally, some individuals may have six, eight, or even more parathyroid glands. [3] Rarely, the parathyroid glands may be within the thyroid gland itself, the chest, or even the thymus ...
A parathyroid adenoma is a benign tumor of the parathyroid gland. It generally causes hyperparathyroidism; there are very few reports of parathyroid adenomas that were not associated with hyperparathyroidism. [1] A human being usually has four parathyroid glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid in the neck.
CT,_ultrasonography,_SPECT_and_scintigraphy_of_intra-thyroid_parathyroid_adenoma.jpg (709 × 546 pixels, file size: 108 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons . Information from its description page there is shown below.
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cancer resulting in parathyroid adenoma to carcinoma progression. [1] It forms in tissues of one or more of the parathyroid glands (four pea-sized glands in the neck that make parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH helps the body maintain normal levels of serum calcium by promoting calcium reabsorption from bone.
Causes of primary hyperparathyroidism include parathyroid adenoma (80% of patients), multiglandular disease usually seen as hyperplasia of the 4 parathyroid glands (15-20% of patients), parathyroid carcinoma (less than 1% of patients). [15] Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs sporadically and most patients do not have a family history. [15]
Approximately 60 percent of parathyroid adenomas may be imaged by sestamibi scanning. The natural distribution of causation for primary hyperparathyroidism is roughly 85% solitary adenomas, 10-15% diffuse hyperplasia, and 1% cancer. Imaging is not as reliable in patients with multiglandular parathyroid disease.