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Serge Lang (French:; May 19, 1927 – September 12, 2005) was a French-American mathematician and activist who taught at Yale University for most of his career. He is known for his work in number theory and for his mathematics textbooks, including the influential Algebra .
Despite a bad press initially, Lang's conception has been sufficiently widely accepted for a 2006 tribute to call the book "visionary". [5] A larger field sometimes called arithmetic of abelian varieties now includes Diophantine geometry along with class field theory , complex multiplication , local zeta-functions and L-functions . [ 6 ]
Concerning general linear maps, linear endomorphisms, and square matrices have some specific properties that make their study an important part of linear algebra, which is used in many parts of mathematics, including geometric transformations, coordinate changes, quadratic forms, and many other parts of mathematics.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
Kernel and image of a linear map L from V to W. The kernel of L is a linear subspace of the domain V. [3] [2] In the linear map :, two elements of V have the same image in W if and only if their difference lies in the kernel of L, that is, = () =.
Steinberg () gave a useful improvement to the theorem.. Suppose that F is an endomorphism of an algebraic group G.The Lang map is the map from G to G taking g to g −1 F(g).. The Lang–Steinberg theorem states [3] that if F is surjective and has a finite number of fixed points, and G is a connected affine algebraic group over an algebraically closed field, then the Lang map is surjective.
Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics (UTM) (ISSN 0172-6056) is a series of undergraduate-level textbooks in mathematics published by Springer-Verlag.The books in this series, like the other Springer-Verlag mathematics series, are small yellow books of a standard size.
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with the study of vectors, vector spaces (also called linear spaces), linear maps (also called linear transformations), and systems of linear equations. Vector spaces are a central theme in modern mathematics; thus, linear algebra is widely used in both abstract algebra and functional analysis.
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