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The rotation operators R x (θ), R y (θ), R z (θ), the phase shift gate P(φ) [c] and CNOT are commonly used to form a universal quantum gate set. [20] [d] The Clifford set {CNOT, H, S} + T gate. The Clifford set alone is not a universal quantum gate set, as it can be efficiently simulated classically according to the Gottesman–Knill theorem.
In solid-state physics, a quantum sensor is a quantum device that responds to a stimulus. Usually this refers to a sensor, which has quantized energy levels, uses quantum coherence or entanglement to improve measurements beyond what can be done with classical sensors. [4] There are four criteria for solid-state quantum sensors: [4]
The Fredkin gate (also CSWAP or CS gate), named after Edward Fredkin, is a 3-bit gate that performs a controlled swap. It is universal for classical computation. It has the useful property that the numbers of 0s and 1s are conserved throughout, which in the billiard ball model means the same number of balls are output as input.
A quantum circuit diagram implementing a Toffoli gate from more primitive gates. A quantum gate array decomposes computation into a sequence of few-qubit quantum gates. A quantum computation can be described as a network of quantum logic gates and measurements.
In quantum information theory, a quantum circuit is a model for quantum computation, similar to classical circuits, in which a computation is a sequence of quantum gates, measurements, initializations of qubits to known values, and possibly other actions.
The island (dotted line) is formed by the superconducting electrode between the gate capacitor and the junction capacitance. In quantum computing, a charge qubit (also known as Cooper-pair box) is a qubit whose basis states are charge states (i.e. states which represent the presence or absence of excess Cooper pairs in the island).
The adiabatic gate is global but it is slow (due to adiabatic condition). The Levine-Pichler gate was introduced as a fast diabatic substitute to the global Adiabatic Gate. [23] This gate uses carefully chosen pulse sequences to perform a controlled-phase gate. In this protocol, we apply the following pulse sequence:
Any reversible gate can be implemented on a quantum computer, [citation needed] and hence the Toffoli gate is also a quantum operator. However, the Toffoli gate cannot be used for universal quantum computation, though it does mean that a quantum computer can implement all possible classical computations. The Toffoli gate has to be implemented ...