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Calcium signaling is the use of calcium ions (Ca 2+) to communicate and drive intracellular processes often as a step in signal transduction. Ca 2+ is important for cellular signalling , for once it enters the cytosol of the cytoplasm it exerts allosteric regulatory effects on many enzymes and proteins .
This is one way the hydraulic signal can be sensed, through sensing the osmotic environment. Increase in water potential also causes mechanical forces on the cell wall and plasma membrane of the cell. This is the second way to sense hydraulic signaling, by sensing the changes in the mechanical forces on the cell wall. [1]
Resistance to drought is a quantitative trait, with a complex phenotype, often confounded by plant phenology. Breeding for drought resistance is further complicated since several types of abiotic stress, such as high temperatures, high irradiance, and nutrient toxicities or deficiencies can challenge crop plants simultaneously.
This action potential causes Ca 2+ cytosolic concentration to increase, therefore sending calcium into the phloem, where the signaling is spread, and as it arrives to systemic tissues. Because of the various stimuli perceived by the plant, abiotic and biotic stress results in different amplitudes , durations, frequencies and localizations of Ca ...
Calmodulin is a small, highly conserved protein that is 148 amino acids long (16.7 kDa). The protein has two approximately symmetrical globular domains (the N- and C- domains) each containing a pair of EF hand motifs [5] separated by a flexible linker region for a total of four Ca 2+ binding sites, two in each globular domain. [6]
A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous with voltage-gated calcium channel, [1] which are a type of calcium channel regulated by changes in membrane potential. Some calcium channels are regulated by the binding of a ligand.
It is different from abiotic stress, which is the negative impact of non-living factors on the organisms such as temperature, sunlight, wind, salinity, flooding and drought. [2] The types of biotic stresses imposed on an organism depend the climate where it lives as well as the species' ability to resist particular stresses.
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