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Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), [3] is a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue) and space around the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. [4] It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and perivascular and perilymphatic tissues. It ...
In cases of right to left shunts more of deoxygenated blood mixes with oxygenated blood from the lungs and thus to a small extent the condition might neutralize the high A-a gradient with pure oxygen therapy. Patient with parenchymal lung diseases will have an increased A-a gradient with moderate response to oxygen therapy.
Restrictive lung diseases are a category of extrapulmonary, pleural, or parenchymal respiratory diseases that restrict lung expansion, [2] resulting in a decreased lung volume, an increased work of breathing, and inadequate ventilation and/or oxygenation. Pulmonary function test demonstrates a decrease in the forced vital capacity.
Overall, about 50% develop permanent pulmonary abnormalities, and 5 to 15% have progressive fibrosis of the lung parenchyma. Sarcoidosis of the lung is primarily an interstitial lung disease in which the inflammatory process involves the alveoli, small bronchi, and small blood vessels. [ 29 ]
It is a type of interstitial lung disease. [3] People often benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation and supplemental oxygen. [1] Certain medications like pirfenidone or nintedanib may slow the progression of the disease. [2] Lung transplantation may also be an option. [1] About 5 million people are affected globally. [8]
The actual number may be significantly higher due to misdiagnosis. Typically, patients are in their forties and fifties when diagnosed, while the incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis increases dramatically after age 50. But loss of pulmonary function is commonly ascribed to old age, heart disease, or more common lung diseases. [40]
Pulmonary drug delivery is a route of administration in which patients use an inhaler to inhale their medications and drugs are absorbed into the bloodstream via the lung mucous membrane. This technique is most commonly used in the treatment of lung diseases, for example, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
A pulmonary infiltrate is a substance denser than air, such as pus, blood, or protein, which lingers within the parenchyma of the lungs. [1] Pulmonary infiltrates are associated with pneumonia, tuberculosis, [citation needed] and sarcoidosis. [2] Pulmonary infiltrates can be observed on a chest radiograph. [citation needed]