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Boldface is often applied to the first occurrence of the article's title word or phrase in the lead.This is also done at the first occurrence of a term (commonly a synonym in the lead) that redirects to the article or one of its subsections, whether the term appears in the lead or not (see § Other uses, below).
Strokes may be straight, as in k l v w x z, or curved, as in c o s. If straight, they may be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal ; if curved, open or closed . Typographers also speak of an instroke, where one starts writing the letter, as at the top of a c f , and an outstroke, where the pen leaves off, as at the bottom of c e j k t y .
The bouffant, along with similar hairstyles like the pouf and the pompadour, represented an exclusive hairstyle of the upper socio-economic classes. The hairstyle was typically created in aristocratic wigs, which were adorned with feathers, ribbons, flowers, and jewelry, and accompanied by various headpieces, hats, and fascinators. [4]
Photosensitive paper was exposed to light through the negative film, resulting in a column of black type on white paper, or a galley. The galley was then cut up and used to create a mechanical drawing or paste up of a whole page. A large film negative of the page is shot and used to make plates for offset printing.
Women's hairstyles became increasingly long in the latter part of the decade and blunt cuts dominated. Blunt cuts of the late 1980s brought long hair to an equal length across the back. Bangs were popular, with "mall bangs", attributed to teenage girls who frequented shopping malls , were styled by ratting bangs into peaks or mounds, and then ...
The Fournier scale: two inches in total, divided into four half-inches, the medium intervals are one line (1 ⁄ 12 inch), and the smallest intervals are 1 ⁄ 36 inch; no intervals for the point is given, though. Fournier printed a reference scale of 144 points over two inches; however, it was too rough to accurately measure a single point. [11]
Punchcutting is a craft used in traditional typography to cut letter punches in steel as the first stage of making metal type. [1] Steel punches in the shape of the letter would be used to stamp matrices into copper, which were locked into a mould shape to cast type. Cutting punches and casting type was the first step of traditional typesetting ...
This required careful design and casting for the sorts to fit together without gaps or the sorts breaking, or leaving gaps to be filled in by the natural spread of ink on paper. [4] [5] Script typefaces have evolved rapidly in the second half of the 20th century due to developments in technology and the end of widespread use of metal type.